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Is Collectible Wine the Key to Understanding What Makes Bitcoin Unique? – Bitcoin and 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild (Article 21 of 52)
2023.05.31 05:25 Crypto_US_Tax Is Collectible Wine the Key to Understanding What Makes Bitcoin Unique? – Bitcoin and 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild (Article 21 of 52)
This is one article in a collection of 52 articles published weekly throughout 2023 on the basics of Bitcoin. The series is intended for people unfamiliar with Bitcoin or people wishing to enhance their understanding of the fundamentals that underpin the technology. Please [contact us](mailto:[email protected]), if you have any questions or comments.
One of the biggest challenges for people entering the crypto space is distinguishing Bitcoin from all of the other cryptocurrencies that have entered the ecosystem since Bitcoin’s creation. The temptation for newcomers is to invest in the “next” Bitcoin. The appeal is frequently being able to accumulate more of the “next” Bitcoin because of the lower price. However, this strategy is bound to fail. Perhaps the simplest way to understand this is by looking at collectible wine.
The three basic ingredients for wine are simple. All that is needed are grapes (or some other fruit-based fermentable sugar), yeast, and water. Anyone in the world can easily access these items. Similarly, the code necessary to create a cryptocurrency is readily available. Bitcoin’s code is open source and the barrier to entry is almost nonexistent. In fact, many of the cryptocurrencies that have come into existence since Bitcoin have piggybacked on Bitcoin’s code with the slightest modification.
A bottle of 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild is widely considered one of the, if not the, wines of the century. There are myriad factors that have made the 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild impossible to replicate and one of the most sought-after wines ever created. First, the soil conditions in the area are truly one of a kind and a late frost on May 4, 1945 killed the early stages of the vine leading to lower production than usual. Additionally, the vineyard was fortunate enough to have Baron Philippe de Rothschild present to supervise the harvest. Baron was returning from Britain where he had fled after escaping from prison (he was being held as a result of his Jewish heritage). Many vineyards in the proximity which experienced similar favorable weather conditions were not as fortunate to have the workers look after the harvest as a result of World War II which was just concluding. In fact, the label on the bottle has a “V” for victory to mark the conclusion of the war! Finally, only 75,000 bottles were ever made of the legendary wine. Through the years many bottles have been consumed making this collectible wine scarcer. Those who were fortunate enough to hold onto this treasured wine have seen it mature into an almost priceless piece of history.
Similar to a bottle of 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, Bitcoin has become the most collectible cryptocurrency ever created. While there is nothing unique about its code compared to other cryptocurrencies in the space, the success of Bitcoin has been impossible for all other cryptocurrencies to replicate since its creation. Bitcoin benefitted from the unique incubator system in which it was launched where the idea of a decentralized currency was paramount to the profit motives that are pervasive with the new cryptocurrencies being created at an astonishing rate today. In fact, Satoshi has never spent any of the bitcoin, currently valued at over $31.5 billion with today’s price, he mined in the early days of Bitcoin for a profit motive! While new bitcoin continues to be mined approximately every 10 minutes, all of the bitcoin are fungible and can be thought of as new bottles of the collectible wine being released to the public.
While some compare Bitcoin to the AOL of crypto, the more apt comparison is Bitcoin is the 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild of the industry. The incredibly rare conditions that existed when Satoshi bottled the 2009 vintage cryptocurrency cannot be replicated again. Just like a wine collector would not go to Trader Joe’s to find the next 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, a person looking for a valuable cryptocurrency to invest should not attempt to discover the next Bitcoin by investing in the latest, greatest cryptocurrency. And, truthfully, that’s probably insulting to Trader Joe’s wine. When it comes to Bitcoin, just as is true with the 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, there are no replacements.
https://cryptoustaxattorneys.com/bitcoin-and-1945-chateau-mouton-rothschild/
submitted by Crypto_US_Tax to u/Crypto_US_Tax [link] [comments]
One of the biggest challenges for people entering the crypto space is distinguishing Bitcoin from all of the other cryptocurrencies that have entered the ecosystem since Bitcoin’s creation. The temptation for newcomers is to invest in the “next” Bitcoin. The appeal is frequently being able to accumulate more of the “next” Bitcoin because of the lower price. However, this strategy is bound to fail. Perhaps the simplest way to understand this is by looking at collectible wine.
The three basic ingredients for wine are simple. All that is needed are grapes (or some other fruit-based fermentable sugar), yeast, and water. Anyone in the world can easily access these items. Similarly, the code necessary to create a cryptocurrency is readily available. Bitcoin’s code is open source and the barrier to entry is almost nonexistent. In fact, many of the cryptocurrencies that have come into existence since Bitcoin have piggybacked on Bitcoin’s code with the slightest modification.
A bottle of 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild is widely considered one of the, if not the, wines of the century. There are myriad factors that have made the 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild impossible to replicate and one of the most sought-after wines ever created. First, the soil conditions in the area are truly one of a kind and a late frost on May 4, 1945 killed the early stages of the vine leading to lower production than usual. Additionally, the vineyard was fortunate enough to have Baron Philippe de Rothschild present to supervise the harvest. Baron was returning from Britain where he had fled after escaping from prison (he was being held as a result of his Jewish heritage). Many vineyards in the proximity which experienced similar favorable weather conditions were not as fortunate to have the workers look after the harvest as a result of World War II which was just concluding. In fact, the label on the bottle has a “V” for victory to mark the conclusion of the war! Finally, only 75,000 bottles were ever made of the legendary wine. Through the years many bottles have been consumed making this collectible wine scarcer. Those who were fortunate enough to hold onto this treasured wine have seen it mature into an almost priceless piece of history.
Similar to a bottle of 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, Bitcoin has become the most collectible cryptocurrency ever created. While there is nothing unique about its code compared to other cryptocurrencies in the space, the success of Bitcoin has been impossible for all other cryptocurrencies to replicate since its creation. Bitcoin benefitted from the unique incubator system in which it was launched where the idea of a decentralized currency was paramount to the profit motives that are pervasive with the new cryptocurrencies being created at an astonishing rate today. In fact, Satoshi has never spent any of the bitcoin, currently valued at over $31.5 billion with today’s price, he mined in the early days of Bitcoin for a profit motive! While new bitcoin continues to be mined approximately every 10 minutes, all of the bitcoin are fungible and can be thought of as new bottles of the collectible wine being released to the public.
While some compare Bitcoin to the AOL of crypto, the more apt comparison is Bitcoin is the 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild of the industry. The incredibly rare conditions that existed when Satoshi bottled the 2009 vintage cryptocurrency cannot be replicated again. Just like a wine collector would not go to Trader Joe’s to find the next 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, a person looking for a valuable cryptocurrency to invest should not attempt to discover the next Bitcoin by investing in the latest, greatest cryptocurrency. And, truthfully, that’s probably insulting to Trader Joe’s wine. When it comes to Bitcoin, just as is true with the 1945 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, there are no replacements.
https://cryptoustaxattorneys.com/bitcoin-and-1945-chateau-mouton-rothschild/
2023.05.30 23:02 Ok_Paper_5959 We get another chance! Pollex sandals!
 | I tried on beaspunge and it was sold out the first minute. I got to see these in person they are so nice. submitted by Ok_Paper_5959 to crocs [link] [comments] |
2023.05.30 15:04 Floodman11 Everything YOU need to know about the 2023 edition of the 24 Hours of Le Mans - Ask your questions here!
With only days separating us from the Centenary Edition of the 24 Heures du Mans, it's time again for the Le Mans Primer thread! This is the place if you’ve got any questions about the 2023 Le Mans event, no matter how small! There are no dumb questions about Le Mans!
For some modern on boards, check out the fastest ever lap in the Circuit de la Sarthe: Kamui Kobayashi's 3:14.791 in 2017 Q2, and last year’s Hyperpole lap, by Brendon Hartley, setting a 3:24.408
The Dunlop Bridge
The iconic Dunlop Bridge has been a part of the Le Mans track since 1932, making it the oldest Dunlop Bridge at any track. This part of the track requires a good launch out of the first chicane before cresting the brow of the hill, and plunging through the esses out onto the Mulsanne straight. As the LMP cars are much more maneuverable, caution must be taken passing the slower GT traffic, as Allan McNish discovered in 2011.
Tertre Rouge
Tertre Rouge is the corner that launches the cars onto the long Mulsanne straight. Maintaining momentum through this corner as it opens on exit is imperative to ensure maximum straight line speed heading down the first part of the Mulsanne. The undulation in the road makes for fantastic viewing at night, with some magic images of the Porsches throwing up sparks on the exit in 2014. Finally, this was the location of Allan Simonsen’s fatal crash in mixed conditions in the 2013 Le Mans. The Danish flags will fly at the corner in his memory.
Mulsanne Corner
After the incredibly long Mulsanne straight, the Mulsanne corner nowadays features a subtle right hand kink before the tight 90 degree turn. Here, the cars decelerate from 340 km/h down to below 100 km/h, resulting in a brilliant opportunity to overtake. Again, care must be taken overtaking slower traffic; unaware drivers have caught out faster cars attempting to pass through the kink, such as Anthony Davidson’s spectacular crash in 2012 resulting in a broken vertebra for Davidson.
Indianapolis and Arnage
The Indanapolis and Arnage complex is one of the most committed areas of the track. Hurtling down the hill from the Mulsanne Corner, the road suddenly bends to the right, a corner which only the bravest prototype drivers take flat out, followed by a beautifully cambered open left hander taken in third gear. A short sprint leads the cars into Arnage, the slowest point on the track. The tight right hander was the scene of heartbreak for Toyota in 2014 when the leading #7 broke down and had to be retired after an FIA sensor melted and shut off the electronics. Kazuki Nakajiima was unable to make it to the pits, leaving him stranded on the circuit.
The Porsche Curves
At a terrifyingly high speed, the Porsche Curves is the most committed part of the lap. Getting caught behind GT traffic in this section can mean losing phenomenal amounts of time. This was the site of Loic Duval’s horrific crash in practice for the 2014 event. Keeping momentum through the flowing right-left-right handers that lead into Maison Blanche requires 100% commitment and ultimate precision, with severe punishment for getting it wrong. The exit of the Porsche Curves underwent significant change in 2020, with additional run-off added in the middle part of the section. This has turned the treacherous and claustrophobic sweeping left-hander into an open and sweeping corner, encouraging every little bit of road to be used on the exit. What it hasn’t changed is the terrific consequences for making a mistake
The Ford Chicanes
The final chapter in the 13.6km rollercoaster that is Le Mans is the Ford Chicanes. Two tight left-right handers with massive kerbs are all that separates the driver from the finish line. Watching the cars bounce over the kerbs in beautiful slow motion is certainly something to behold, but 24 hours of mistreatment can lead to suspension and steering issues. The drivers have to be attentive until the very end, lest they throw it all away in the last minutes of the race.
The Circuit de la Sarthe requires over 85% of the lap on full throttle, with the cars accelerating from less than 100km/h to over 300km/h five times each lap. The challenge of having a car finish Le Mans is in itself, an achievement.
LMP2 is the first class that must feature amateur rated drivers. The Amateurs must drive for a minimum of 6 hours in the car over the course of the race. This means that there's an element of strategy of when to use your amateur driver throughout the race, as the amateur driver is generally slower than the Pros. The pro drivers in this class range from up and coming talent, former F1 drivers, and some of the best sportscar pilots in the world, and with 244 cars in this class, LMP2 is sure to be a hotbed of action over the 24 hours.
This year is the last year of the GTE class, and features 21 cars in a Pro-Am category, with cars from Ferrari, Porsche, Aston Martin, and Chevrolet on the grid. Despite the lack of a Pro category, the driver quality in GTE-Am is still incredibly high, with factory drivers, young stars, experienced champions and every level of experience in between on the grid, with each car featuring two Bronze or Silver rated drivers. With two amateur drivers, the strategy considerations multiply. While GTE-Am might be the class focussed on the least over the course of the race, the stories that come from this class are phenomenal, and it's well worth following.
The GT classes feature a range of different cars and configurations, and to equalise each of these against each other, the class goes through a process called 'Balance of Performance' or BoP. The organisers can adjust each individual car's weight, fuel tank, air restrictor, turbo boost pressures, and aero performance to alter performance levels to enable the different cars to race competitively. This can sometimes be contentious as every team will feel hard done by, but it is a necessary evil to having the variety of cars on the grid.
This year, the Innovative Car entry is a modified Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 Next-Gen NASCAR, run by Hendrick Motorsports. The Next-Gen NASCAR features modifications to allow it to run safely on the Circuit de la Sarthe, and will be driven by multiple NASCAR Cup champion Jimmie Johnson, Formula 1 World Champion Jenson Button, and Le Mans Overall Winner Mike Rockenfeller.
In 2019, we at /WEC, took our normal Le Mans Legends celebrations to a new level; each week, members of the community have been writing reviews on some of the closest, most fascinating finishes in Le Mans history! You can check out these reports below!
For a bite-sized history lesson on every Le Mans event, check out this post by u/JohannesMeanAd2, describing every Le Mans in a single sentence!
The early races were dominated by the Bentley company in their Speed 6, who won 5 of the first 7 races. Cars were separated into classes by their engine displacement, and the overall winner was based on distance covered. If two cars had finished with the same number of laps, the car with the smaller displacement was declared the winner. The race wasn't run during the second world war, and comparatively very little information is available on the stories of the early days of Le Mans.
After the second world war, teams such as Jaguar, Ferrari, Mercedes, and Aston Martin became the dominant teams. This era featured the legendary Jaguar D type, the Mercedes Benz 300 SLR, the Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa, and the Aston Martin DBR1. Jaguar won 5 times between 1951 and 1957, followed by an era of Ferrari dominance. Drivers such as Mike Hawthorn, Stirling Moss, Juan Manuel Fangio, and John Fitch became household names as Le Mans became a battle between German engineering and British "garagistas".
Ferrari and Ford was the story of the 60's, with Ferrari winning 6 times straight before Ford won four in a row with the GT40 Mk II, taking their first win in 1966. The story of their rivalry is legendary in it's own right - Henry Ford had almost successfully bought out the Ferrari motor company, only to be knocked back by Enzo himself at the 11th hour. In retaliation, Ford planned to hurt Ferrari where it mattered most; on the track. The Ford GT40 was so comprehensively dominant that it won the 1966 edition 21 laps ahead of the next car back - a Porsche 906/6. None of the Ferrari 330P3's finished the race. This battle gave drivers like Bruce Mclaren, Dan Gurney, and Jacky Ickx their first Le Mans victories, and propelled them to the forefront of motorsport stardom at the height of motorsport's popularity.
The 1970's saw the dawn of Porsche, with the 917k taking the brand's first win in 1970, with the same car winning the following year in the hands of Helmut Marko (yes, that Helmut Marko). It would be 5 years before Porsche would win again, with Matra taking 3 victories in the interim, each at the hands of Henri Pescarolo. Porsche returned with the 936 and the 956/962c dominating the race for the next 20 years. In fact, from 1970, Porsche won 12 times in 18 events, including 7 in a row, and they miiight have been a bit cheeky about it. Amongst these 12 wins, there were 4 for both Jacky Ickx and Derek Bell, and two for IMSA legend Hurley Haywood, as well as the first win for the Joest team in 1984. This era coincided with the introduction, and subsequent destruction of the Group C sportscar formula, widely regarded as the best Sportscar championship regulations of all time. Porsche’s dominance was eventually ended by Jaguar in the XJR-9LM, at the height of Group C’s magic. Ickx's 6 wins at this stage had earned him the nickname 'Mr Le Mans', a fitting title for one of the best drivers in the world at the time.
GT cars became a force to be reckoned with at the end of the Group C era, with classes being split into LMGTP and LMP. McLaren and Porsche had wins in GTP cars, in the F1 GTR and the 911 GT1 respectively, while Porsche, BMW and Peugeot scored LMP wins. 1997 saw the first win for Tom Kristensen, while the following year Allan McNish took his first victory, starting their journeys into the legend books of Le Mans.
The 2000’s ushered in the era of Audi, with all 13 of their wins coming since the turn of the century. GTP was disbanded due to safety issues, being replaced by GT1 and GT2. Audi picked up wins in the R8, the R10, the R15, and the R18, often dominating the might of the Peugeot 908. Audi's dominance elevated not only their drivers to legend status, but also their team managers, car designers, and race engineers. People like Reinhold Joest (team manager), Dr Wolfgang Ullrich (Audisport director), Ulrich Baretzky (engine designer), Leena Gade, Howden Haynes (race engineers) behind the wall and Allan McNish, Tom Kristensen, Rinaldo Capello, Marcel Fassler, Andre Lotterer and Benoit Treluyer have become household names in the sport not only for their wins, but their longevity and domination. Audi's dominance was only broken by a win for Bentley in 2003, running basically an Audi under a British racing green skin, and Peugeot in 2009, before being ended for good by Porsche in 2015. After both Porsche and Audi left the top class, Toyota rose to dominance, taking the last 3 Le Mans events in a row!
Between 2015 and 2017, Porsche added to their victories, now holding a record 19 overall victories at the Circuit de la Sarthe. Audi trail with 13, with Ferrari, Jaguar and Bentley holding the next three positions. Toyota finally took their first overall victory in 2018, and have won every year since. Tom Kristensen is has the most victories at Le Mans, with 9 overall victories over his career with Porsche, Audi and Bentley, inheriting the title of Mr Le Mans.
If you want to have a go at picking who you think will be winning in each class, jump into mwclarkson's Fantasy Endurance Contest! It's free to enter, and if you win, you'll get the satisfaction and achievement of being right!
If there's anything you'd like us to add, or need clarification on, please comment below and we'll add it in!`
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CONTENTS
- The Race
- Session Times
- The Track
- The Classes
- The Legends
- Videos and Documentaries
- Entry List and Spotters Guide
- Endurance Chat podcast
- Broadcast Details
- Social Media
- Live Timing
- Get Involved!
The Race
It all comes back to Le Mans. A century ago, people asked ‘Could a car continue to drive for 24 hours straight?’, an event was made to test that theory, and a legacy in racing, motorsport, and motoring was born. The 24 Heures du Mans is the holy grail of endurance motor racing, and brings up its Centenary edition this year. In its 100 year history, the 24 Hours of Le Mans is recognised as the most prestigious and gruelling test for innovations and improvements in motorsport technology. Technologies such as disk and air brakes, streamlined bodywork, fuel, oil, and lubricant improvements, improvements to engine efficiency and longevity, even things as simple as LED lighting and windscreen wiper blades have been trialled and tested at Le Mans. The normally hot conditions in the middle of June stretch the limits of reliability, with all the teams knowing that in order to beat their competitors, they must first beat the event. A variety of different engine configurations, displacements, positions, fuels, and hybrids have won over the history of the event. So far, petrol-fuelled traditional piston engines have been the most successful. Mazda managed to win using a Wankel Rotary engine in 1991 with the Mazda 787b (oh god listen to that sound!), while Audi was the first to win with an alternate fuel, taking victory in the diesel-powered R10 TDI in 2006. 2012 ushered in the era of the Hybrid, with Audi taking victory in the R18 e-tron Quattro, featuring a flywheel hybrid engine.Qualifying
The Qualifying format for Le Mans is unique to the event, and called Hyperpole. In this format, all classes are permitted to use the track in the 1 hour qualifying session on Wednesday evening. The top 6 cars from each of the 4 classes then progress to the Hyperpole session on Thursday night, which sets the top of the grid for each class. This means that each class will be segregated on the final grid.Session Times
- Ligier European Series Practice 1 – Sunday June 4th, 08:00 Local, 06:00 UTC, 02:00 ET, 16:00 AEST – 45 Minutes
- Ligier European Series Qualifying 1 – Sunday June 4th, 09:15 Local, 07:15 UTC, 03:15 ET, 17:15 AEST – 20 Minutes
- Test Day Session 1 - Sunday June 4th, 10:00 Local, 08:00 UTC, 04:00 ET, 18:00 AEST – 3 Hours
- Ligier European Series Race - Sunday June 4th, 14:00 Local, 12:00 UTC, 08:00 ET, 22:00 AEST – 60 Minutes
- Test Day Session 2 - Sunday June 4th, 15:30 Local, 13:30 UTC, 09:30 ET, 23:30 AEST – 3 Hours
- Porsche Carrera Cup Practice 1 – Wednesday June 7th, 09:00 Local, 07:00 UTC, 03:00 ET, 17:00 AEST – 45 Minutes
- Ferrari Challenge Practice 1 – Wednesday June 7th, 10:15 Local, 08:15 UTC, 04:15 ET, 18:15 AEST - 45 Minutes
- Road To Le Mans Practice 1 – Wednesday June 7th, 11:30 Local, 09:30 UTC, 05:30 ET, 19:30 AEST – 1 Hour
- Free Practice 1 - Wednesday June 7th, 14:00 Local, 12:00 UTC, 08:00 ET, 22:00 AEST - 3 Hours
- Qualifying Practice - Wednesday June 7th. 19:00 Local, 17:00 UTC, 13:00 ET, Thursday 03:00 AEST - 1 Hour
- Road To Le Mans Practice 2 – Wednesday June 7th, 20:30 Local, 18:30 UTC, 14:30 ET, Thursday 04:30 AEST - 1 Hour
- Free Practice 2 - Wednesday June 7th, 22:00 Local, 20:00 UTC, 16:00 ET, Thursday 06:00 AEST - 2 Hours
- Ferrari Challenge Practice 2 – Thursday June 8th, 09:00 Local, 07:00 UTC, 03:00 ET, 17:00 AEST – 45 Minutes
- Porsche Carrera Cup Practice 2 – Thursday June 8th, 10:55 Local, 08:55 UTC, 04:55 ET, 18:55 AEST – 45 Minutes
- Road To Le Mans Qualifying Practice – Thursday June 8th, 12:55 Local, 10:55 UTC, 06:55 UTC, 20:55 AEST – 20 Minutes x 2 Classes
- Free Practice 3 - Thursday June 8th, 15:00 Local, 13:00 UTC, 09:00 ET, 23:00 AEST - 3 Hours
- Road To Le Mans Race 1 - Thursday June 8th, 18:30 Local, 16:30 UTC, 12:30 ET, Friday 02:30 AEST - 55 Minutes
- HYPERPOLE - Thursday June 8th, 20:00 Local, 18:00 UTC, 14:00 ET, Friday 04:00 AEST - 30 Minutes
- Free Practice 4 - Thursday June 8th, 22:00 Local, 20:00 UTC, 16:00 ET, Friday 06:00 AEST - 2 Hours
- Porsche Carrera Cup Qualifying – Friday June 9th, 09:00 Local, 07:00 UTC, 03:00 ET, 17:00 AEST – 45 Minutes
- Ferrari Challenge Qualifying – Friday June 9th, 10:15 Local, 08:15 UTC, 04:15 ET, 18:15 AEST – 45 Minutes
- Road To Le Mans Race 2 - Friday June 9th, 11:30 Local, 09:30 UTC, 05:30 ET, 19:30 AEST – 55 Minutes
- Ferrari Challenge Race 1 - Saturday June 10th, 09:30 Local, 07:30 UTC, 03:30 ET, 17:30 AEST - 45 Minutes
- Porsche Carrera Cup Race 1 - Saturday June 10th, 10:45 Local, 08:45 UTC, 04:45 ET, 18:45 AEST - 45 Minutes
- Warm Up - Saturday June 10th, 12:00 Local, 10:00 UTC, 06:00 ET, 20:00 AEST – 15 Minutes
- RACE START - **Saturday June 11th, 16:00 Local, 14:00 UTC, 10:00 ET, Sunday 00:00 AEST
The Track
The Circuit de la Sarthe covers 13.6 kilometres of the French country side. It combines the permanent race components of the Ford Chicanes, the pit straight, under the Dunlop Bridge and through to Tertre Rouge as well as the normal everyday roads of the Mulsanne straight through to Indianapolis and Arnage. The track has gone through many iterations over the years; originally, the cars raced into the heart of the city, turning just before the river Sarthe, before hurtling down the 8.6 kilometre straight. In 1932, the circuit removed the journey into the city, and more closely resembled the track we see today. Here’s a video of Mike Hawthorn touring the circuit with a camera and microphone attached in 1956, one year after his involvement in the Le Mans disaster. The addition of the Porsche Curves and the Ford Chicanes in 1972 added an extra dimension to the high speed, fast flowing track. In the late 80’s, the Group C prototype cars would reach over 400km/h, achieving average speeds of almost 250km/h in qualifying for the entire lap. This is an onboard of Derek Bell’s Porsche 956 in 1983, showing the ridiculous speeds on this configuration of the circuit. This configuration remained relatively unchanged right up to 1990, until FIA mandations required that for the circuit to be sanctioned, it must not have a straight longer than 2km. The 6km Mulsanne straight was cut down into three relatively equal length portions by two chicanes, giving the iteration of the circuit used today. Allan McNish takes you on an onboard lap of the 2008 circuit in this video. McNish is one of the gods of the modern prototype era, winning Le Mans 3 times; once with Porsche and twice with Audi. For a more comprehensive focus on the track, John Hindhaugh’s track walk takes you on a 30 minute exploration of the track, with in depth focus on corners like the Dunlop Esses, Tertre Rouge, Mulsanne Corner, and the Ford Chicanes.For some modern on boards, check out the fastest ever lap in the Circuit de la Sarthe: Kamui Kobayashi's 3:14.791 in 2017 Q2, and last year’s Hyperpole lap, by Brendon Hartley, setting a 3:24.408
The Dunlop Bridge
The iconic Dunlop Bridge has been a part of the Le Mans track since 1932, making it the oldest Dunlop Bridge at any track. This part of the track requires a good launch out of the first chicane before cresting the brow of the hill, and plunging through the esses out onto the Mulsanne straight. As the LMP cars are much more maneuverable, caution must be taken passing the slower GT traffic, as Allan McNish discovered in 2011.
Tertre Rouge
Tertre Rouge is the corner that launches the cars onto the long Mulsanne straight. Maintaining momentum through this corner as it opens on exit is imperative to ensure maximum straight line speed heading down the first part of the Mulsanne. The undulation in the road makes for fantastic viewing at night, with some magic images of the Porsches throwing up sparks on the exit in 2014. Finally, this was the location of Allan Simonsen’s fatal crash in mixed conditions in the 2013 Le Mans. The Danish flags will fly at the corner in his memory.
Mulsanne Corner
After the incredibly long Mulsanne straight, the Mulsanne corner nowadays features a subtle right hand kink before the tight 90 degree turn. Here, the cars decelerate from 340 km/h down to below 100 km/h, resulting in a brilliant opportunity to overtake. Again, care must be taken overtaking slower traffic; unaware drivers have caught out faster cars attempting to pass through the kink, such as Anthony Davidson’s spectacular crash in 2012 resulting in a broken vertebra for Davidson.
Indianapolis and Arnage
The Indanapolis and Arnage complex is one of the most committed areas of the track. Hurtling down the hill from the Mulsanne Corner, the road suddenly bends to the right, a corner which only the bravest prototype drivers take flat out, followed by a beautifully cambered open left hander taken in third gear. A short sprint leads the cars into Arnage, the slowest point on the track. The tight right hander was the scene of heartbreak for Toyota in 2014 when the leading #7 broke down and had to be retired after an FIA sensor melted and shut off the electronics. Kazuki Nakajiima was unable to make it to the pits, leaving him stranded on the circuit.
The Porsche Curves
At a terrifyingly high speed, the Porsche Curves is the most committed part of the lap. Getting caught behind GT traffic in this section can mean losing phenomenal amounts of time. This was the site of Loic Duval’s horrific crash in practice for the 2014 event. Keeping momentum through the flowing right-left-right handers that lead into Maison Blanche requires 100% commitment and ultimate precision, with severe punishment for getting it wrong. The exit of the Porsche Curves underwent significant change in 2020, with additional run-off added in the middle part of the section. This has turned the treacherous and claustrophobic sweeping left-hander into an open and sweeping corner, encouraging every little bit of road to be used on the exit. What it hasn’t changed is the terrific consequences for making a mistake
The Ford Chicanes
The final chapter in the 13.6km rollercoaster that is Le Mans is the Ford Chicanes. Two tight left-right handers with massive kerbs are all that separates the driver from the finish line. Watching the cars bounce over the kerbs in beautiful slow motion is certainly something to behold, but 24 hours of mistreatment can lead to suspension and steering issues. The drivers have to be attentive until the very end, lest they throw it all away in the last minutes of the race.
The Circuit de la Sarthe requires over 85% of the lap on full throttle, with the cars accelerating from less than 100km/h to over 300km/h five times each lap. The challenge of having a car finish Le Mans is in itself, an achievement.
The Classes
The WEC consists of three classes on track at once, resulting in three separate races on track each in their own battle for 24 Hours. The classes are split based on their car type, with LMH and LMDh machinery facing off in the Hypercar class, purpose built prototypes with a spec engine and gearbox battling in LMP2, and GT machinery racing in GTE. Each class has its own set of regulations, driver requirements, and relevance for the Le Mans event.Hypercar
The current top class of endurance sportscars is Hypercar, combining cars built to Le Mans Hypercar (LMH) and Le Mans Daytona (LMDh) specifications. Fighting it out will be LMH machinery from Toyota, Ferrari, Peugeot, Glickenhaus and Peugeot, while Porsche and Cadillac will be racing in LMDh cars. The LMH cars are bespoke sportscars, designed to a strict set of requirements dictating maximum power, drag coefficient, and weight, amongst other parameters, intended to limit the cost of the category. LMDh machines on the other hand are based on the future LMP2 chassis offerings, with manufacturers able to develop their own engines and bodywork, aligning with the power and drag coefficients of LMH. As part of cost-cutting, the Hypercar class is also subject to a Balance of Performance (BoP) formula, to level the playing field and ensure good racing! Hypercars are a little slower than their LMP1 predecessors, with lap times around the 3:24 mark for the Circuit de la Sarthe, which is on par with the 2014 LMP1 cars.LMP2
The second prototype class is LMP2, and provides an excellent platform for endurance racing on a budget. The LMP2 class features a spec drivetrain and gearbox, using a Gibson V8 producing 400kW, and a selection of three chassis to choose from, of which the Oreca 07 has been the chassis of choice. This ensures that the competition in the class is very tight, and often comes down to the drivers and the team’s performance instead of just having the best car. While LMP2 was capable of 3:25 lap times in years previous, part of the ‘stratification’ of classes with Hypercar’s inclusion, the LMP2 class has lost some power and had some weight added. This should put LMP2 at the heels of the LMH pace, but with laptimes outside the 3:28 mark.LMP2 is the first class that must feature amateur rated drivers. The Amateurs must drive for a minimum of 6 hours in the car over the course of the race. This means that there's an element of strategy of when to use your amateur driver throughout the race, as the amateur driver is generally slower than the Pros. The pro drivers in this class range from up and coming talent, former F1 drivers, and some of the best sportscar pilots in the world, and with 244 cars in this class, LMP2 is sure to be a hotbed of action over the 24 hours.
LMGTE-Am
GT class cars are cars that are derived from production models, and feature some of the most iconic cars and brands battling it out at the top of the field. The GTE cars are on the border of aero dependency, and can lap Le Mans in around 3:45 in a professional driver’s hands.This year is the last year of the GTE class, and features 21 cars in a Pro-Am category, with cars from Ferrari, Porsche, Aston Martin, and Chevrolet on the grid. Despite the lack of a Pro category, the driver quality in GTE-Am is still incredibly high, with factory drivers, young stars, experienced champions and every level of experience in between on the grid, with each car featuring two Bronze or Silver rated drivers. With two amateur drivers, the strategy considerations multiply. While GTE-Am might be the class focussed on the least over the course of the race, the stories that come from this class are phenomenal, and it's well worth following.
The GT classes feature a range of different cars and configurations, and to equalise each of these against each other, the class goes through a process called 'Balance of Performance' or BoP. The organisers can adjust each individual car's weight, fuel tank, air restrictor, turbo boost pressures, and aero performance to alter performance levels to enable the different cars to race competitively. This can sometimes be contentious as every team will feel hard done by, but it is a necessary evil to having the variety of cars on the grid.
Innovative Car
Each year, there is the option for an Innovative Car, with untested or innovative technology, allowed to enter in it’s own category. In years past, this has allowed for entries from the Deltawing, or a modified LMP2 to allow amputees to race.This year, the Innovative Car entry is a modified Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 Next-Gen NASCAR, run by Hendrick Motorsports. The Next-Gen NASCAR features modifications to allow it to run safely on the Circuit de la Sarthe, and will be driven by multiple NASCAR Cup champion Jimmie Johnson, Formula 1 World Champion Jenson Button, and Le Mans Overall Winner Mike Rockenfeller.
The Legends
Part of the allure of the Le Mans 24 Hours is the history, and the legends steeped in history over the course of its 88 previous editions. The race has had many headline battles in its history - periods of time where two or three teams went toe to toe for years, with the drivers, cars, and brands embroiled in these battles given the chance to elevate themselves above the rest, and show their prowess.In 2019, we at /WEC, took our normal Le Mans Legends celebrations to a new level; each week, members of the community have been writing reviews on some of the closest, most fascinating finishes in Le Mans history! You can check out these reports below!
- The 1966 Dead Heat by kinkymulsanne
- 1983; Factory Porsche dominates with a 1-2 victory, but only just! by Floodman11
- 1987; The colossal struggle between Porsche and Jaguar (Part 1) by Lagiacrus7
- 2016; FUCK by Cybershrike
- 1979; Boogie Nights meets Days Of Thunder by SolHiemis
- 1991; the Hiroshima Screamer Prevails by AE_Racer
- 2010; the Day the Peugeots All Died by kiwichris1709
- 1999; The Le Mans Turning Point by starzonda
- 2011; The Final Audi vs Peugeot Rivalry by Stuff_And_More
- 1988; The colossal struggle between Porsche and Jaguar (part 2) by Lagiacrus7
For a bite-sized history lesson on every Le Mans event, check out this post by u/JohannesMeanAd2, describing every Le Mans in a single sentence!
After the second world war, teams such as Jaguar, Ferrari, Mercedes, and Aston Martin became the dominant teams. This era featured the legendary Jaguar D type, the Mercedes Benz 300 SLR, the Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa, and the Aston Martin DBR1. Jaguar won 5 times between 1951 and 1957, followed by an era of Ferrari dominance. Drivers such as Mike Hawthorn, Stirling Moss, Juan Manuel Fangio, and John Fitch became household names as Le Mans became a battle between German engineering and British "garagistas".
Ferrari and Ford was the story of the 60's, with Ferrari winning 6 times straight before Ford won four in a row with the GT40 Mk II, taking their first win in 1966. The story of their rivalry is legendary in it's own right - Henry Ford had almost successfully bought out the Ferrari motor company, only to be knocked back by Enzo himself at the 11th hour. In retaliation, Ford planned to hurt Ferrari where it mattered most; on the track. The Ford GT40 was so comprehensively dominant that it won the 1966 edition 21 laps ahead of the next car back - a Porsche 906/6. None of the Ferrari 330P3's finished the race. This battle gave drivers like Bruce Mclaren, Dan Gurney, and Jacky Ickx their first Le Mans victories, and propelled them to the forefront of motorsport stardom at the height of motorsport's popularity.
The 1970's saw the dawn of Porsche, with the 917k taking the brand's first win in 1970, with the same car winning the following year in the hands of Helmut Marko (yes, that Helmut Marko). It would be 5 years before Porsche would win again, with Matra taking 3 victories in the interim, each at the hands of Henri Pescarolo. Porsche returned with the 936 and the 956/962c dominating the race for the next 20 years. In fact, from 1970, Porsche won 12 times in 18 events, including 7 in a row, and they miiight have been a bit cheeky about it. Amongst these 12 wins, there were 4 for both Jacky Ickx and Derek Bell, and two for IMSA legend Hurley Haywood, as well as the first win for the Joest team in 1984. This era coincided with the introduction, and subsequent destruction of the Group C sportscar formula, widely regarded as the best Sportscar championship regulations of all time. Porsche’s dominance was eventually ended by Jaguar in the XJR-9LM, at the height of Group C’s magic. Ickx's 6 wins at this stage had earned him the nickname 'Mr Le Mans', a fitting title for one of the best drivers in the world at the time.
GT cars became a force to be reckoned with at the end of the Group C era, with classes being split into LMGTP and LMP. McLaren and Porsche had wins in GTP cars, in the F1 GTR and the 911 GT1 respectively, while Porsche, BMW and Peugeot scored LMP wins. 1997 saw the first win for Tom Kristensen, while the following year Allan McNish took his first victory, starting their journeys into the legend books of Le Mans.
The 2000’s ushered in the era of Audi, with all 13 of their wins coming since the turn of the century. GTP was disbanded due to safety issues, being replaced by GT1 and GT2. Audi picked up wins in the R8, the R10, the R15, and the R18, often dominating the might of the Peugeot 908. Audi's dominance elevated not only their drivers to legend status, but also their team managers, car designers, and race engineers. People like Reinhold Joest (team manager), Dr Wolfgang Ullrich (Audisport director), Ulrich Baretzky (engine designer), Leena Gade, Howden Haynes (race engineers) behind the wall and Allan McNish, Tom Kristensen, Rinaldo Capello, Marcel Fassler, Andre Lotterer and Benoit Treluyer have become household names in the sport not only for their wins, but their longevity and domination. Audi's dominance was only broken by a win for Bentley in 2003, running basically an Audi under a British racing green skin, and Peugeot in 2009, before being ended for good by Porsche in 2015. After both Porsche and Audi left the top class, Toyota rose to dominance, taking the last 3 Le Mans events in a row!
Between 2015 and 2017, Porsche added to their victories, now holding a record 19 overall victories at the Circuit de la Sarthe. Audi trail with 13, with Ferrari, Jaguar and Bentley holding the next three positions. Toyota finally took their first overall victory in 2018, and have won every year since. Tom Kristensen is has the most victories at Le Mans, with 9 overall victories over his career with Porsche, Audi and Bentley, inheriting the title of Mr Le Mans.
Videos and Documentaries
- Truth in 24 and Truth in 24 II - The story of Audi’s victories against testing conditions and the might of Peugeot in 2008 and 2011.
- Le Mans - made in 1971, this movie follows a fictional Le Mans race in 1970, featuring fantastic footage and sounds of the Porsche 917 and the Ferrari 512 starring Steve McQueen
- Michael Fassbender:Road To Le Mans Season 1 - Season 2 - Season 3 - The journey that Michael Fassbender has taken from movie star to Porsche GTE-Am driver, detailing his racing through the ranks of Carrera Cup, Le Mans Cup, and ELMS.
- The Deadliest Crash - The BBC documentary on the 1955 Le Mans disaster. For more information, see CookieMonsteFL’s amazing post on the incident
- Our Return: A documentary of our road to Le Mans 2015 - Porsche’s youtube documentary chronicling their return to Le Mans and their eventual win.
- McLaren at Le Mans: Pursuit of Perfection - The story behind McLaren's 1995 victory
- The fastest ever lap at the Circuit de la Sarthe. Kamui Kobayashi's 3:14.791 in 2017 Q2
- Mark Blundell’s explosive lap - Blundell was going so fast, he was overheating the blowers in the car. After being told to turn down the engine and abandon the lap, in true racing driver fashion he simply turned off the radio.
- Clearwater Racing: Journey to the 24 hours of Le mans
- Cetilar Racing: The Italian Spirit of Le Mans - A documentary on Cetilar Villorba Corse's journey to Le Mans in 2018
- McLaren at Le Mans: Pursuit of Perfection - The McLaren F1 road car's story and development for the historic LeMans race of 1995.
- Ford vs Ferrari / Le Mans '66 - Coming out late 2019, this movie tells (a stylised version of) the story of the battle between Ford and Ferrari at Le Mans in the late 1960's. While there are some inaccuracies, the movie has been widely heralded as one of the best Motorsport themed movies ever made, and has been enjoyed by critics and motorsport fans alike.
- Michael Fassbender: Road To Le Mans Season 1 and 2, Season 3, Season 4 – Actor and Amateur Driver Michael Fassbender documents his 4 year journey from Porsche Carrera Cup into the ELMS and finally, to the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Entry List
Spotters Guide to be added when released!Once again, /WEC will have a community spotters guide thanks to the efforts of Ziombel_444! The planned release date is the 6th of June, so keep your eyes peeled for that!
Check out Ziombel_444's other work at Spotters.Guide, and support this great effort!Endurance Chat
/WEC's podcast, Endurance Chat, will have four episodes in the lead up to Le Mans, as well as a Pre-Pre-Race show in the hours before the event. Watch this space for updates!- Endurance Chat S8E11 – The Centenary 24 Hours of Le Mans Preview - History, context, and insight into this year’s edition of the Le Mans 24 Hours
- Endurance Chat S8E12 - The 2023 Le Mans 24 Hour Hypercar Class Guide – COMING SOON
- Endurance Chat S8E13 - The 2023 Le Mans 24 Hour LMP2 Class Guide – COMING SOON
- Endurance Chat S8E14 – The 2023 Le Mans 24 Hour LMGTE-Am Class Guide – COMING SOON
Streaming and Television
In the past, the FIAWEC Broadcast has started from Qualifying Practice. We are awaiting confirmation if that is the case this year – Streams for non-FIAWEC sessions after that point will be subject to the organisers of those series broadcasting those sessions.
- Official stream OUTSIDE US ONLY - The Le Mans package gives you access to all WEC sessions (Qualifying, Warm Up and the Race) with a choice of on boards, cross platform compatibility, and up to 5 devices connected at once. Additionally, replays of the event are free after the event. Official comms headed by Martin Haven, Anthony Davidson, and Graham Goodwin, who in my personal opinion properly nail the tone of the event. Has been known to get overloaded and crash however
- Eurosport will likely be broadcasting the event in a variety of locales throughout Europe. This will be updated when confirmed
- Radio Le Mans will be streaming live radio for every session
- [Official TV Broadcast distribution](COMING SOON) Find out how to watch in your region!
Social Media
If you're looking for more interaction, you can find most of the teams, drivers and commentators on Twitter, giving you instant interaction with those in the midst of the event.If someone wants to make a twitter list for the teams/driveetc for this year, that would be greatly appreciated!
Live timing
Be sure to join the discord for alternate timing solutions!Get Involved!
By far the most fun you can have watching an endurance race is watching it with the official /WEC Discord! It's a lot of fun and a really great atmosphere to watch the race in!If you want to have a go at picking who you think will be winning in each class, jump into mwclarkson's Fantasy Endurance Contest! It's free to enter, and if you win, you'll get the satisfaction and achievement of being right!
2023.05.30 06:09 Dangerous_Fennel_311 Will these subs fit?
I have a 2009 328i E92, I recently got offered to grab 2 kenwood 12’s in a box with a mounted amp. The specs are 500W @ 4 ohms or 850W @ 2 ohms.
The only issue is that I have not an ounce of experience with subs + wiring in BMW’s. I have three quick questions. Firstly, will these fit in the e92? I was thinking the trunk but i’m not quite sure. Secondly, are these even worth installing? Lastly how is the installation process on these? Is the wiring difficult?
Thank you
submitted by Dangerous_Fennel_311 to BmwTech [link] [comments]
The only issue is that I have not an ounce of experience with subs + wiring in BMW’s. I have three quick questions. Firstly, will these fit in the e92? I was thinking the trunk but i’m not quite sure. Secondly, are these even worth installing? Lastly how is the installation process on these? Is the wiring difficult?
Thank you
2023.05.30 04:55 SamuraiFungi Switched from Marlin, but rotation_distance formula failed
:edit: Solution
SOLVED: The microstepping on the drivers seemed to be not the same as the motors! Setting the UART pin fixed everything (now I can use the settings derived from the Replicator 2X manual, microsteps: 16, rotation_distance: 36 (see numbers and formula in my reply to a comment to arrive there using only the manual's numbers.
Any parts of my config not shown are likely identical to Klipper's generic-bigtreetech-skr-v1.4.cfgsample config.
The numbers below are from the Reddit post I cited in the same comment)):
- The run_current was based on guru_florida's comment on the question about overheating here: https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/8515/replicator-2x-getting-too-hot-with-silent-stepper-drivers and I have removed the 2nd extruder motor so hopefully that will be enough current to avoid layer shifts. If not, I will switch to a lighter motor for the extruder and try that.
And here are the numbers based on the machine specs including the manual such as microsteps: 16 for each (except extruder rotation_distance, calibrated by hand):
- [stepper_x] and [stepper_y]: rotation_distance:36
- [stepper_z]: rotation_distance: 8
- [extruder]: rotation_distance: 33.92
Problem
:edit: rotation_distance: 36 works if I set microsteps: 8 but the Replicator 2X manual says 1.8 degrees step angle with 1/16 microstepping" so is the manual wrong? 1.8 degrees would be 200/rev (300/1.8). But If I do 200*16 / 88.888889 I get ~36 rotation_distance, which moves twice as far as it should...so we're back to the problem. I do not have [tmc2209 stepper_x], y nor z sections and am not sure how to set that. I have TMC2209 v1.2 drivers with the diag pins bent.
- Drivers: TMC2209 v1.2, UART mode
I have *max* endstops for x and y (Replicator 2X but with BTT SKR V1.4 Turbo).
Using the formula in the Klipper docs, I based rotation_distance values on these values which worked fine in Marlin 2: https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/a/678
After Mainsail homes correctly, the X and Y read correctly (236x153). But if I use the buttons to jog, it reaches the origin and tries to keep going (grinding the belt) in the negative direction. Instead of reading 0,0 at the near left corner of the bed, the web interface reads 115,77 so it doesn't know that it should stop. It is definitely moving more than 1mm when jogging by 1mm.
The bed size Is 236x153. The left nozzle is wired as the first nozzle, so it doesn't grind until further off the bed, but at the edge of the bed Mainsail reads x=115 when it should read 0.
I calculated rotation_distance using the formula in the Klipper docs:
200*16 / 88.888889 = 35.99999995500000005625
:edit: That formula must be wrong if 8 microsteps works with that rotation_distance, so maybe it has 400 steps/rotation (400*8 / 8.888889)?
The Klipper docs say round, so I rounded up to:
rotation_distance: 36 for both the stepper_x and stepper_y sections of printer.cfg.
stepper_z section's rotation_distance is also based on the stackexchange URL above: 200*16 / 400 = 8
After setting these values, I restarted the service. I ensured I'm using the correct config file, ~/printer_data/config/printer.cfg. I can tell it is the one being used because I had to reverse dir_pin for it to home correctly and after the change, homing began working but jogging moves too far.
Klipper firmware version: 5f0d252b408ef0cd182367ba4cc224b8d105f0ec
Klipper version: v0.11.0-205-g5f0d252b
OS: Debian bullseye x86 (removed xorg)
Web interface: Mainsail
Install method: kiauh
submitted by SamuraiFungi to klippers [link] [comments]
SOLVED: The microstepping on the drivers seemed to be not the same as the motors! Setting the UART pin fixed everything (now I can use the settings derived from the Replicator 2X manual, microsteps: 16, rotation_distance: 36 (see numbers and formula in my reply to a comment to arrive there using only the manual's numbers.
Any parts of my config not shown are likely identical to Klipper's generic-bigtreetech-skr-v1.4.cfgsample config.
The numbers below are from the Reddit post I cited in the same comment)):
[tmc2209 stepper_x] uart_pin: P1.10 run_current: 0.600 [tmc2209 stepper_y] uart_pin: P1.9 run_current: 0.600 [tmc2209 stepper_z] uart_pin: P1.8 run_current: 0.600 [tmc2209 extruder] uart_pin: P1.4 run_current: 0.500- Pins are for BTT SKR V1.4 and V1.4 Turbo (mine). Source: "SKR 1.4 TMC 2009" Reddit post
- The run_current was based on guru_florida's comment on the question about overheating here: https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/8515/replicator-2x-getting-too-hot-with-silent-stepper-drivers and I have removed the 2nd extruder motor so hopefully that will be enough current to avoid layer shifts. If not, I will switch to a lighter motor for the extruder and try that.
And here are the numbers based on the machine specs including the manual such as microsteps: 16 for each (except extruder rotation_distance, calibrated by hand):
- [stepper_x] and [stepper_y]: rotation_distance:36
- [stepper_z]: rotation_distance: 8
- [extruder]: rotation_distance: 33.92
Problem
:edit: rotation_distance: 36 works if I set microsteps: 8 but the Replicator 2X manual says 1.8 degrees step angle with 1/16 microstepping" so is the manual wrong? 1.8 degrees would be 200/rev (300/1.8). But If I do 200*16 / 88.888889 I get ~36 rotation_distance, which moves twice as far as it should...so we're back to the problem. I do not have [tmc2209 stepper_x], y nor z sections and am not sure how to set that. I have TMC2209 v1.2 drivers with the diag pins bent.
- Drivers: TMC2209 v1.2, UART mode
I have *max* endstops for x and y (Replicator 2X but with BTT SKR V1.4 Turbo).
Using the formula in the Klipper docs, I based rotation_distance values on these values which worked fine in Marlin 2: https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/a/678
After Mainsail homes correctly, the X and Y read correctly (236x153). But if I use the buttons to jog, it reaches the origin and tries to keep going (grinding the belt) in the negative direction. Instead of reading 0,0 at the near left corner of the bed, the web interface reads 115,77 so it doesn't know that it should stop. It is definitely moving more than 1mm when jogging by 1mm.
The bed size Is 236x153. The left nozzle is wired as the first nozzle, so it doesn't grind until further off the bed, but at the edge of the bed Mainsail reads x=115 when it should read 0.
I calculated rotation_distance using the formula in the Klipper docs:
200*16 / 88.888889 = 35.99999995500000005625
:edit: That formula must be wrong if 8 microsteps works with that rotation_distance, so maybe it has 400 steps/rotation (400*8 / 8.888889)?
The Klipper docs say round, so I rounded up to:
rotation_distance: 36 for both the stepper_x and stepper_y sections of printer.cfg.
stepper_z section's rotation_distance is also based on the stackexchange URL above: 200*16 / 400 = 8
After setting these values, I restarted the service. I ensured I'm using the correct config file, ~/printer_data/config/printer.cfg. I can tell it is the one being used because I had to reverse dir_pin for it to home correctly and after the change, homing began working but jogging moves too far.
Klipper firmware version: 5f0d252b408ef0cd182367ba4cc224b8d105f0ec
Klipper version: v0.11.0-205-g5f0d252b
OS: Debian bullseye x86 (removed xorg)
Web interface: Mainsail
Install method: kiauh
2023.05.29 22:14 Sajakain [NA] [Area 52]
Our community has been around for over a decade being originally established in 2009 during Wrath of the Lich King. We're looking for folks that want to join and continue this community and it's journey with us. While we enjoy raiding and push to see each tier completed, our primary focus will always be the people. If this sounds like something you are interested in, I encourage you to reach out to us: in game, on here, or join or Discord.
► The Details
Current Raid Schedule:
► What We're Looking For
First and foremost, we're looking for the right people to join our community and raid team. Gear and experience can always be given / taught. Personal character and the right attitude cannot.
In regard to specific role needs, we have the following:
► Contact Information
BattleTag Contacts
If you have any questions, please reach out to us. Feel free to join our Discord, introduce yourself, and talk with the Leadership about joining our guild.
submitted by Sajakain to wowguilds [link] [comments]
► The Details
Current Raid Schedule:
- Tuesday & Thursday: 9:00 PM ET - 12:00 AM ET (Realm Time)
- Raid Invites: 8:45 PM ET
- Current Progression:
- VOTI: 8/8(H), 8/8(N), Glory of the Vault Raider
- ATSC: 1/9(H), 9/9(N)
► What We're Looking For
First and foremost, we're looking for the right people to join our community and raid team. Gear and experience can always be given / taught. Personal character and the right attitude cannot.
In regard to specific role needs, we have the following:
- Priest (Ideally would run both Shadow and a healing spec)
- Demon Hunter
- Enhancement Shaman
- Warlock
- Death Knight
- Ranged DPS
► Contact Information
BattleTag Contacts
- Sajakain: Sajakain#1683
- Sked: Skeddo#1605
If you have any questions, please reach out to us. Feel free to join our Discord, introduce yourself, and talk with the Leadership about joining our guild.
2023.05.29 16:17 Piratedad83 [USA-CO] [H] Playstation Games: PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4, PSP [W] Paypal
Hey all! Thinning out some of my collection. Happy to post pics of anything that you might be interested in. Shipping is $5 for the first game or 2, and then goes up from there.
Also! Feel free to check out my Nintendo games post here:
https://www.reddit.com/GameSale/comments/13n6q9v/usaco_h_nintendo_games_and_consoles_nes_snes_n64/
And my Sega and Xbox games post here:
https://www.reddit.com/GameSale/comments/13dxcl4/usaco_h_sega_and_xbox_games_genesis_dreamcast_og/
PS1 (CIB unless noted)
Army Men: Sarge's Heroes (Disc Only) $5
Army Men: World War - Team Assault $10
ATV: Quad Power Racing $5
Ball Breakers $5
Bowling $3
Brave Fencer Musashi (Case and Disc) $80
Breath of Fire III (PAL) $45
Cool Boarders 3 $5
Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back $15
CTR: Crash Team Racing $20
CTR: Crash Team Racing (Disc Only) $10
Dragonball Z: Ultimate Battle 22 (Disc Only) $5
Driver (Sealed) $50
Dune 2000 (Disc Only) $10
Final Fantasy Tactics $80
Final Fantasy VII $45
Final Fantasy VII (Case and Disc) $35
Final Fantasy VIII $20
Final Fantasy Anthology GH (New/Sealed) $45
Final Fantasy Chronicles $40
Frogger $10
Gekido: Urban Fighters (Disc Only) $20
Gex 3: Deep Cover Gecko (Disc Only) $10
Gran Turismo $15
Gran Turismo 2 $15
Grand Theft Auto 2 (Disc Only) $5
Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James $10
Herc's Adventures $125
IHRA Drag Racing $3
Knockout Kings $5
Lunar 2: Eternal Blue Complete (Big Box, Jewel case and discs, Hardcover manual, Omake Box w/map and character cards $200
Madden NFL 2004 $10
Metal Gear Solid $45
Metal Gear Solid (Case and Disc) $40
MLB: Pennant Race $3
Monopoly $3
Namco Museum Vol. 1 $5
Namco Museum Vol. 1 (Disc Only) $3
Namco Museum Vol. 3 (Disc Only) $5
Nascar 99 (Disc Only) $3
Need For Speed: High Stakes (Disc Only) $5
Need For Speed: V-Rally $10
Nuclear Strike $10
Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee (Case and Disc) $15
Parappa the Rapper (Disc Only) $50
Parasite Eve $75
Patriotic Pinball $5
Rally Cross 2 $5
Return Fire (Longbox) $45
Road Rash 3D $5
Shockwave Assault (Disc Only) $10
Spec Ops: Covert Assault $5
Spec Ops: Stealth Patrol $3
Spyro: Ripto's Rage (Disc Only) $5
Star Wars: Masters of Teras Kasi (Disc Only) $5
Street Racer $10
Stuart Little 2 $5
Suikoden II $275
Syphon Filter 2 (Case and Disc) $5
Syphon Filter 3 $15
The Game of Life $10
The King of Fighters '95 (Disc Only) $25
The King of Fighers '99 $20
Thousand Arms (Case, manual, game) $175
TNN Motor Sports: Hardcore 4x4 $3
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Rogue Spear $10
Tomb Raider II $10
Tomb Raider II (Disc Only) $5
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 (Disc Only) $5
Triple Play 2000 $5
Vanishing Point (Disc Only) $5
Warhawk (Long Box) $20
World Soccer Winning Eleven '97 (Disc Only) $3
Worms Armageddon (Case and Disc) $15
You Don't Know Jack: Mock 2 (Disc Only) $3
PS2 (CIB unless noted)
Ace Combat 4: Shattered Skies (Case and Disc) $5
Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Jet Fusion $10
Alvin and the Chipmunks (Case and Disc) $5
Army Men: Sarge's Heroes 2 (Case and Disc) $10
ATV Offroad Fury 2 (x2) $5
Battle Racing Ignited: Burnout Dominator $10
Battlefield 2: Modern Combat (Disc Only) $4
Black $10
Blitz: The League (Case and Disc) $5
BMX XXX (Case and Disc) $20
Call of Duty 2: Big Red One (Case and Disc) $5
Call of Duty 2: Big Red One (Disc Only) $3
Call of Duty: Finest Hour $5
Call of Duty: Finest Hour (Disc Only) $3
Call of Duty: World at War Final Fronts (Disc Only) $5
Celebrity Deathmatch (Disc Only) $5
Commandos Strike Force (Case and Disc) $5
Contra: Shattered Soldier (Disc Only) $10
Cool Boarders 2001 $5
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon $5
Crazy Taxi $10
Dave Mirra Freestyle BMX 2 $10
Delta Force: Black Hawk Down $5
Devil May Cry (Demo Disk) (Disc Only) $10
Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening (Special Edition) (Disc Only) $5
Disney Sing It: Pop Hits $3
Dragonball Z: Sagas $15
Duel Masters (Limited Edition) $5
Enter the Matrix (x2) $5
Enthusia: Professional Racing $15
Escape from Monkey Island (Disc Only) $5
Eye Toy Demo Disc (Disc Only) $5
Eye Toy: Operation Spy (Sealed) $5
Eyetoy: Antigrav $3
Fifa 07 (Disc Only) $3
Fight Night 2004 (Disc Only) $3
Ford Mustang: The Legend Lives $3
Gadget Racers $10
Game Shark 2: Official Cheat Codes For Splinter Cell (Disc Only) $20
Gauntlet: Dark Legacy (Case and Disc) $20
God of War (Disc Only) $7
Gran Turismo 3 $3
Grand Theft Auto III $10
Grand Theft Auto III (Disc only) $5
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City $10
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (Case and Disc) $5
Grand Theft Auto San Andreas (Disc Only) $5
Guitar Hero II (Disc Only) $5
Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock (Disc Only) $5
Guitar Hero: Aerosmith (Disc Only) $4
Heroes of the Pacific $5
Hitman: Contracts (Disc Only) $3
Ico (Disc Only) $10
Jak 3 (Case and Disc) $10
Jax X: Combat Racing $10
Legaia 2: Duel Saga $20
Lego Star Wars: The Video Game (Case and Disc) $5
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events $5
Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers $5
Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Disc Only) $3
Lord of the RIngs: Return of the King $10
Mace Griffin: Bounty Hunter $5
Madden 06 $5
Madden 2005 (Disc Only) $2
Mafia (Disc Only) $5
Max Payne $10
Max Payne (Disc Only) $4
Medal of Honor: Frontline $5
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (Disc Only) $5
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (Disc Only) $7
Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence $45
MLB 2K5 (Disc Only) $2
MLB 2K7 (Sealed) $5
MLB: The Show 08 (Disc Only) $2
MX: World Tour featuring Jamie Little $3
MX: World Tour featuring Jamie Little (Case and Disc) $1
Naruto: Ultimate Ninja (Case and Disc) $5
Naruto: Uzumaki Chronicles 2 (Disc Only) $5
Nascar Thunder 2003 $5
NBA 2K2 (Disc Only) $2
NBA Live 06 (Case and Disc) $5
NBA Live 07 $3
NBA Live 2004 $3
NCAA 06: March Madness $5
NCAA Football 2002 (Disc Only) $2
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 $10
Need for Speed: Pro Street $10
NFL Game Day 2003 Demo Disc (Disc Only) $5
NFL Head Coach (Case and Disc) $5
NFL Street (Case and Disc) $10
NHL 2002 (Disc Only) $2
NHL 2004 (Disc Only) $2
Over the Hedge $5
Pirate's of the Caribbean: At World's End (Manual and Disc) $5
Primal DEMO DISC (Disc Only) $10
R: Racing Evolution $10
Ready 2 Rumble Boxing: Round 2 (Case and Disc) $5
Resident Evil Soutbreak: File #2 (Disc Only) $30
Rockband (Disc Only) $3
Rockband Track Pack: Volume 2 (Disc Only) $5
Scooby-Doo! Unmasked (Disc Only) $10
Shrek 2 $10
Shrek the Third $5
Silent Hill 3 $200
Singstar 80s $5
Singstar Pop $5
Singstar Pop Vol. 2 $5
Sled Storm $10
Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus (Disc Only) $10
Smuggler's Run $5
Smuggler's Run 2: Hostile Territory $10
Socom: U.S. Navy Seals $5
Socom: U.S. Navy Seals (Case and Disc) $3
Socom: U.S. Navy Seals (Disc Only) $2
Spyhunter $10
Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly $10
Syphon Filter: Omega Strain (Disc Only) $3
Tekken Tag Tournament (Disc Only) $5
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (JAP) $10
The Fast and the Furious $10
The Godfather $15
The Simpsons: Road Rage $10
The Sims $5
The Spongebob Squarepants Movie $10
Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2003 (Disc Only) $2
Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2004 $5
TimeSplitters $20
TimeSplitters 2 $20
Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon $5
Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (Disc Only) $3
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell $5
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 $10
Tony Hawk's Underground $10
Top Gun: Combat Zones (Disc Only) $3
Twisted Metal Black (Disc Only) $7
Up (Case and Disc) $5
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (Disc Only) $5
World Championship Poker $3
World Rally Championship (Disc Only) $5
Wreckless: The Yakuza Missions $5
WWE: Smackdown vs Raw 2009 (Disc Only) $3
WWE Smackdown: Here Comes the Pain (Case and Disc) $30
PS3 (CIB unless noted)
Alien: Isoloation (Nostromo Edition) $10
Alpha Protocol (Case and Disc) $7
Assassin's Creed $10
Assassin's Creed II $5
Assassin's Creed III $5
Assassin's Creed IV $5
Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood $5
Assassin's Creed: Ezio Trilogy $5
Batman: Arkham Asylum $5
Batman: Arkham City $5
Battlefield 3 $3
Battlefield 3 (Limited Edition) $5
Bioshock $5
Borderlands 2 $5
Call of Duty: Black Ops $10
Call of Duty: Black Ops II (Case and Disc) $10
Call of Duty: Ghosts $5
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare $5
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 $5
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 $5
Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 (Ultimate Edition) (Disc only) $10
Dark Sector (Disc only) $3
Dark Souls $10
Demon's Souls (Case and Disc) $20
Dirt $10
Dishonored $5
DJ Hero $5
Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (Case, Disc, and map) $5
Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim $3
Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim (Legendary Edition) $10
Farcry 3 $5
FEAR 2 $10
Fifa 11 $5
Fifa 12 $5
Fifa 2010: World Cup South Africa $5
Final Fantasy XIII $10
Final Fantasy: XIII-2 (Case and Disc) $8
God of War III $10
God of War: Ascension $30
Gran Turismo 5: Prologue (Disc only) $3
Grand Theft Auto IV $10
Grand Theft Auto V $10
Grand Theft Auto V (Disc only) $5
Guitar Hero 3: Legends of Rock $10
InFamous $10
Killzone 3 $5
Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning $10
L.A. Noire $5
Lair $10
Lego: Harry Potter: Years 5-7 $10
Lego: Jurassic World $10
Little Big Planet (Game of the Year Edition) $10
Little Big Planet: Karting $10
Lost Planet 2 $10
Madden 07 $5
Madden 08 $5
Madden 09 $5
Madden 10 $3
Madden 11 $3
Madden 12 $3
Madden 13 $5
Madden 25 $5
Mass Effect 2 (Disc only) $3
Midnight Club: Los Angeles $10
MLB 13: The Show $5
Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe $10
MX vs. ATV: Reflex (Case and Disc) $5
MX vs. ATV: Untamed $10
NBA 2K11 $5
NBA Live 08 (Case and Disc) $3
NBA Street: Homecourt $20
Need For Speed: Carbon $15
Need for Speed: Most Wanted (Case and Disc) $8
Need For Speed: Undercover $10
Plants vs. Zombies: Garden Warfare (Case and Disc) $5
Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare $10
Resistance 2 $5
Rockband 2 $5
Saints Row 2 $10
Saints Row 3 $5
Skate 2 $10
Skylanders: Spyro Adventures (Disc only) $5
Sleeping Dogs $5
Sniper: Ghost Warrior $5
Soul Calibur V $10
Sports Champions $3
SSX $10
The Ico & Shadow of the Colossus Collection $15
The Last of Us $10
The Sims 3 $5
Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 $10
Uncharted 2: Among Thieves $5
Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception $5
Uncharted: Drake's Fortune $10
White Knight Chronicles (Disc only) $5
PS4 (CIB unless noted)
Battlefield 1 $5
Borderlands 3 $10
Call of Duty: Black Ops IIII $10
Call of Duty: WWII $10
Dark Souls III (Disc Only) $5
Destiny $5
Fallout 4 (Case and Disc) $5
Final Fantasy XV (Disc only) $3
Madden 17 (Case and Disc) $3
Marvel Spider-Man $10
Minecraft (Case and Disc) $15
Minecraft Dungeons: Hero Edition (New/Sealed) $20
NBA 2K16 (Case and Disc) $3
Sniper Elite 3 (Disc only) $4
Star Wars: Battlefront 2 (Case and Disc) $5
The Hunter: Call of the Wild 2019 $20
The Order 1886 $10
Titanfall 2 (Case and Disc) $5
Tropico 5 $10
UFC 3 $5
PSP (CIB unless noted)
Final Fantasy $20
God of War: Chains of Olympus $25
Spider-man 2 (Movie) (Disc only) $5
Steamboy $5
submitted by Piratedad83 to GameSale [link] [comments]
Also! Feel free to check out my Nintendo games post here:
https://www.reddit.com/GameSale/comments/13n6q9v/usaco_h_nintendo_games_and_consoles_nes_snes_n64/
And my Sega and Xbox games post here:
https://www.reddit.com/GameSale/comments/13dxcl4/usaco_h_sega_and_xbox_games_genesis_dreamcast_og/
PS1 (CIB unless noted)
Army Men: Sarge's Heroes (Disc Only) $5
Army Men: World War - Team Assault $10
ATV: Quad Power Racing $5
Ball Breakers $5
Bowling $3
Brave Fencer Musashi (Case and Disc) $80
Breath of Fire III (PAL) $45
Cool Boarders 3 $5
Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back $15
CTR: Crash Team Racing $20
CTR: Crash Team Racing (Disc Only) $10
Dragonball Z: Ultimate Battle 22 (Disc Only) $5
Driver (Sealed) $50
Dune 2000 (Disc Only) $10
Final Fantasy Tactics $80
Final Fantasy VII $45
Final Fantasy VII (Case and Disc) $35
Final Fantasy Anthology GH (New/Sealed) $45
Final Fantasy Chronicles $40
Frogger $10
Gekido: Urban Fighters (Disc Only) $20
Gex 3: Deep Cover Gecko (Disc Only) $10
Gran Turismo $15
Gran Turismo 2 $15
Grand Theft Auto 2 (Disc Only) $5
Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James $10
Herc's Adventures $125
IHRA Drag Racing $3
Knockout Kings $5
Lunar 2: Eternal Blue Complete (Big Box, Jewel case and discs, Hardcover manual, Omake Box w/map and character cards $200
Madden NFL 2004 $10
Metal Gear Solid (Case and Disc) $40
MLB: Pennant Race $3
Monopoly $3
Namco Museum Vol. 1 $5
Namco Museum Vol. 1 (Disc Only) $3
Namco Museum Vol. 3 (Disc Only) $5
Nascar 99 (Disc Only) $3
Need For Speed: High Stakes (Disc Only) $5
Need For Speed: V-Rally $10
Nuclear Strike $10
Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee (Case and Disc) $15
Parasite Eve $75
Patriotic Pinball $5
Rally Cross 2 $5
Return Fire (Longbox) $45
Road Rash 3D $5
Shockwave Assault (Disc Only) $10
Spec Ops: Covert Assault $5
Spec Ops: Stealth Patrol $3
Spyro: Ripto's Rage (Disc Only) $5
Star Wars: Masters of Teras Kasi (Disc Only) $5
Street Racer $10
Stuart Little 2 $5
Suikoden II $275
Syphon Filter 2 (Case and Disc) $5
Syphon Filter 3 $15
The Game of Life $10
The King of Fighters '95 (Disc Only) $25
The King of Fighers '99 $20
Thousand Arms (Case, manual, game) $175
TNN Motor Sports: Hardcore 4x4 $3
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Rogue Spear $10
Tomb Raider II (Disc Only) $5
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 (Disc Only) $5
Triple Play 2000 $5
Vanishing Point (Disc Only) $5
Warhawk (Long Box) $20
World Soccer Winning Eleven '97 (Disc Only) $3
Worms Armageddon (Case and Disc) $15
You Don't Know Jack: Mock 2 (Disc Only) $3
PS2 (CIB unless noted)
Ace Combat 4: Shattered Skies (Case and Disc) $5
Alvin and the Chipmunks (Case and Disc) $5
Army Men: Sarge's Heroes 2 (Case and Disc) $10
ATV Offroad Fury 2 (x2) $5
Battle Racing Ignited: Burnout Dominator $10
Battlefield 2: Modern Combat (Disc Only) $4
Blitz: The League (Case and Disc) $5
BMX XXX (Case and Disc) $20
Call of Duty 2: Big Red One (Case and Disc) $5
Call of Duty 2: Big Red One (Disc Only) $3
Call of Duty: Finest Hour $5
Call of Duty: Finest Hour (Disc Only) $3
Call of Duty: World at War Final Fronts (Disc Only) $5
Celebrity Deathmatch (Disc Only) $5
Commandos Strike Force (Case and Disc) $5
Contra: Shattered Soldier (Disc Only) $10
Cool Boarders 2001 $5
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon $5
Crazy Taxi $10
Dave Mirra Freestyle BMX 2 $10
Delta Force: Black Hawk Down $5
Devil May Cry (Demo Disk) (Disc Only) $10
Devil May Cry 3: Dante's Awakening (Special Edition) (Disc Only) $5
Disney Sing It: Pop Hits $3
Dragonball Z: Sagas $15
Duel Masters (Limited Edition) $5
Enter the Matrix (x2) $5
Enthusia: Professional Racing $15
Escape from Monkey Island (Disc Only) $5
Eye Toy Demo Disc (Disc Only) $5
Eye Toy: Operation Spy (Sealed) $5
Eyetoy: Antigrav $3
Fifa 07 (Disc Only) $3
Fight Night 2004 (Disc Only) $3
Ford Mustang: The Legend Lives $3
Gadget Racers $10
Game Shark 2: Official Cheat Codes For Splinter Cell (Disc Only) $20
Gauntlet: Dark Legacy (Case and Disc) $20
God of War (Disc Only) $7
Gran Turismo 3 $3
Grand Theft Auto III $10
Grand Theft Auto III (Disc only) $5
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City $10
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (Case and Disc) $5
Grand Theft Auto San Andreas (Disc Only) $5
Guitar Hero II (Disc Only) $5
Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock (Disc Only) $5
Guitar Hero: Aerosmith (Disc Only) $4
Heroes of the Pacific $5
Hitman: Contracts (Disc Only) $3
Ico (Disc Only) $10
Jak 3 (Case and Disc) $10
Jax X: Combat Racing $10
Lego Star Wars: The Video Game (Case and Disc) $5
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events $5
Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers $5
Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Disc Only) $3
Lord of the RIngs: Return of the King $10
Mace Griffin: Bounty Hunter $5
Madden 06 $5
Madden 2005 (Disc Only) $2
Mafia (Disc Only) $5
Max Payne $10
Max Payne (Disc Only) $4
Medal of Honor: Frontline $5
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (Disc Only) $5
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (Disc Only) $7
Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence $45
MLB 2K5 (Disc Only) $2
MLB 2K7 (Sealed) $5
MLB: The Show 08 (Disc Only) $2
MX: World Tour featuring Jamie Little $3
MX: World Tour featuring Jamie Little (Case and Disc) $1
Naruto: Ultimate Ninja (Case and Disc) $5
Naruto: Uzumaki Chronicles 2 (Disc Only) $5
Nascar Thunder 2003 $5
NBA 2K2 (Disc Only) $2
NBA Live 06 (Case and Disc) $5
NBA Live 07 $3
NBA Live 2004 $3
NCAA 06: March Madness $5
NCAA Football 2002 (Disc Only) $2
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 $10
Need for Speed: Pro Street $10
NFL Game Day 2003 Demo Disc (Disc Only) $5
NFL Head Coach (Case and Disc) $5
NFL Street (Case and Disc) $10
NHL 2002 (Disc Only) $2
NHL 2004 (Disc Only) $2
Pirate's of the Caribbean: At World's End (Manual and Disc) $5
Primal DEMO DISC (Disc Only) $10
R: Racing Evolution $10
Ready 2 Rumble Boxing: Round 2 (Case and Disc) $5
Resident Evil Soutbreak: File #2 (Disc Only) $30
Rockband (Disc Only) $3
Rockband Track Pack: Volume 2 (Disc Only) $5
Scooby-Doo! Unmasked (Disc Only) $10
Shrek 2 $10
Shrek the Third $5
Silent Hill 3 $200
Singstar 80s $5
Singstar Pop $5
Singstar Pop Vol. 2 $5
Sled Storm $10
Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus (Disc Only) $10
Smuggler's Run $5
Smuggler's Run 2: Hostile Territory $10
Socom: U.S. Navy Seals $5
Socom: U.S. Navy Seals (Case and Disc) $3
Socom: U.S. Navy Seals (Disc Only) $2
Spyhunter $10
Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly $10
Syphon Filter: Omega Strain (Disc Only) $3
Tekken Tag Tournament (Disc Only) $5
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (JAP) $10
The Fast and the Furious $10
The Godfather $15
The Simpsons: Road Rage $10
The Sims $5
The Spongebob Squarepants Movie $10
Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2003 (Disc Only) $2
Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2004 $5
TimeSplitters $20
TimeSplitters 2 $20
Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon $5
Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (Disc Only) $3
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell $5
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 $10
Tony Hawk's Underground $10
Top Gun: Combat Zones (Disc Only) $3
Twisted Metal Black (Disc Only) $7
Up (Case and Disc) $5
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (Disc Only) $5
World Championship Poker $3
World Rally Championship (Disc Only) $5
Wreckless: The Yakuza Missions $5
WWE: Smackdown vs Raw 2009 (Disc Only) $3
WWE Smackdown: Here Comes the Pain (Case and Disc) $30
PS3 (CIB unless noted)
Alien: Isoloation (Nostromo Edition) $10
Alpha Protocol (Case and Disc) $7
Assassin's Creed $10
Assassin's Creed II $5
Assassin's Creed III $5
Assassin's Creed IV $5
Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood $5
Assassin's Creed: Ezio Trilogy $5
Batman: Arkham Asylum $5
Batman: Arkham City $5
Battlefield 3 $3
Battlefield 3 (Limited Edition) $5
Bioshock $5
Borderlands 2 $5
Call of Duty: Black Ops $10
Call of Duty: Black Ops II (Case and Disc) $10
Call of Duty: Ghosts $5
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare $5
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 $5
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 $5
Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 (Ultimate Edition) (Disc only) $10
Dark Sector (Disc only) $3
Dark Souls $10
Demon's Souls (Case and Disc) $20
Dirt $10
Dishonored $5
DJ Hero $5
Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (Case, Disc, and map) $5
Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim $3
Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim (Legendary Edition) $10
Farcry 3 $5
FEAR 2 $10
Fifa 11 $5
Fifa 12 $5
Fifa 2010: World Cup South Africa $5
Final Fantasy XIII $10
Final Fantasy: XIII-2 (Case and Disc) $8
God of War III $10
God of War: Ascension $30
Gran Turismo 5: Prologue (Disc only) $3
Grand Theft Auto IV $10
Grand Theft Auto V $10
Grand Theft Auto V (Disc only) $5
Guitar Hero 3: Legends of Rock $10
InFamous $10
Killzone 3 $5
Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning $10
L.A. Noire $5
Lair $10
Lego: Harry Potter: Years 5-7 $10
Lego: Jurassic World $10
Little Big Planet (Game of the Year Edition) $10
Little Big Planet: Karting $10
Lost Planet 2 $10
Madden 07 $5
Madden 08 $5
Madden 09 $5
Madden 10 $3
Madden 11 $3
Madden 12 $3
Madden 13 $5
Madden 25 $5
Mass Effect 2 (Disc only) $3
Midnight Club: Los Angeles $10
MLB 13: The Show $5
Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe $10
MX vs. ATV: Reflex (Case and Disc) $5
MX vs. ATV: Untamed $10
NBA 2K11 $5
NBA Live 08 (Case and Disc) $3
NBA Street: Homecourt $20
Need For Speed: Carbon $15
Need for Speed: Most Wanted (Case and Disc) $8
Need For Speed: Undercover $10
Plants vs. Zombies: Garden Warfare (Case and Disc) $5
Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare $10
Resistance 2 $5
Rockband 2 $5
Saints Row 2 $10
Saints Row 3 $5
Skate 2 $10
Skylanders: Spyro Adventures (Disc only) $5
Sleeping Dogs $5
Sniper: Ghost Warrior $5
Soul Calibur V $10
Sports Champions $3
SSX $10
The Ico & Shadow of the Colossus Collection $15
The Last of Us $10
The Sims 3 $5
Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 $10
Uncharted 2: Among Thieves $5
Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception $5
Uncharted: Drake's Fortune $10
White Knight Chronicles (Disc only) $5
PS4 (CIB unless noted)
Battlefield 1 $5
Borderlands 3 $10
Call of Duty: Black Ops IIII $10
Call of Duty: WWII $10
Dark Souls III (Disc Only) $5
Destiny $5
Fallout 4 (Case and Disc) $5
Final Fantasy XV (Disc only) $3
Madden 17 (Case and Disc) $3
Marvel Spider-Man $10
Minecraft (Case and Disc) $15
Minecraft Dungeons: Hero Edition (New/Sealed) $20
NBA 2K16 (Case and Disc) $3
Sniper Elite 3 (Disc only) $4
Star Wars: Battlefront 2 (Case and Disc) $5
The Hunter: Call of the Wild 2019 $20
The Order 1886 $10
Titanfall 2 (Case and Disc) $5
Tropico 5 $10
UFC 3 $5
PSP (CIB unless noted)
Spider-man 2 (Movie) (Disc only) $5
Steamboy $5
2023.05.29 14:02 dreftzg [Daily News] TAG Heuer Gives The New Monaco A Skeleton Dial, Aquastar Revives Their First Dive Watch With The Model 60, De Bethune Shrinks Their New DB28XS And Alpina Has A Very Interesting Startimer Pilot
It's Monday and I have a bone to pick with TAG Heuer. They announced their new watch right as I clicked publish on the news update. I guess you're already caught up on it.
TAG Heuer Releases A Trio Of New Monacos With Skeleton Dials Ahead Of The Big Race
Hey, thanks a lot TAG! The exact second I sent out the Friday edition of It’s About Time they decided to announce a new watch. And not just any watch, that I would be cool with waiting until Monday to write about it. It is a trio of new and very different TAG Heuer Monaco Skeleton Chronographs, one of the first times they put a skeleton dial in the Monaco, but it’s also a release that coincides with the Monaco F1 Grand Prix. So here I am, writing about it after the race is over.
Never mind, it’s still a nice watch. Excluding the V4 editions that had a different case and was driven by belts, a unique piece in carbon made for Only Watch 2021, and the very exclusive “Riviera” edition, TAG Heuer has never made a production Monaco with a skeleton dial. And looking at these watches, it looks to have been a mistake on TAG’s part as the watches really do look fantastic.
The base dimensions of the watch remain the same - 39mm wide and 14.7mm thick, but not much else is the same. The case in the skeleton model is made out of sandblasted titanium to make it much lighter. While I see why some people would want that, I adore the weight of the original model. You know when you are wearing one.
TAG calls this watch a skeleton, I described it as a skeleton but it, in fact, is not actually a skeleton watch. It would more appropriately be described as an openworked Monaco, as it has a partial dial that reveals a slightly reworked movement. But even as such it looks great - all sharp lines and angles. The watch comes in three editions - Original Blue with an untreated titanium case, blue dial, white and red accents and a blue strap; Racing Red, an untreated case, black dial with red and white accents and a black strap; and Turquoise, with a black DLC coated case, a black strap, a black dial with turquoise-coloured accents and sub-dials, a colour also being sported on the column wheel and rotor.
Inside is the familiar Calibre Heuer 02 with some slight improvements, with an 80 hour power reserve. Apart from the colors, all the straps are the same, a mix of rubber and leather with a titanium folding clasp.
All three are part of the regular collection and are not limited. The Original Blue and Racing Red editions are priced at CHF 10,500, and the DLC-coated Turquoise edition at CHF 11,000.
2/
Aquastar Revives Their First Dive Watch With The Model 60, The Most Classic Of Skin Divers With A Great Price
We are in the golden age of brand revivals. Aquastar, for example, was founded in the early 60s in Geneva by Frédéric Robert, a diver, sailor, pilot, mathematician and watchmaker after Robert took over his fathers watchmaking business JeanRichard. Over the next ten years, Rober filed a number of patents that are still relevant today, like inner rotating bezels, multiple dive decompression bezels, a new crown sealing system and the friction bezel ring…
When Robert retired, the brand was bought and sold by a number of companies and ended up being revived in 2020 by Rick Marei, who is known for building up Doxa to the powerhouse it is today. And ever since then they have been putting out fire releases. Their newest one is the Aquastar Model 60, which brings back the brand’s first-ever diver with modern specs.
All of the modern releases from Aquastar have been based on the Deepstar, but the Model 60 gets a completely new case. It’s based on the original Model 60, introduced in 1957 as JeanRichard7s first diver with a water resistance rating of 100 meters, and it was seemingly the earliest watch to use a skin-diver-style case. The Model 60 is also famous for being worn by Don Walsh to the bottom of the Mariana Trench while inside the Trieste submersible.
The stainless steel case of the Model 60 measures 37mm wide, 47mm lug-to-lug, 11mm thick and with a 19mm lug spacing. Speaking of the lugs, the watch comes on a tropic strap and can be had with an optional beads-of-rice bracelet with a safety clasp, or a nylon strap. Water resistance is 200 meters, and the sunburst-finished steel bezel is bidirectional.
The dial is what you would expect from a vintage diver - black with printed white minute track and hour markers, filled with “Old Radium” Super-LumiNova. The hands are the same as the Deepstar aside from the addition of a central seconds hand with a lume pip. Inside the watch is the La Joux-Perret G100, which features a 68-hour power reserve and is adjusted to four positions.
The Aquastar Model 60 will be a regular production model for the brand, and will not be limited. The Model 60 will start at $990 and rise to $1,290 at some point. The bracelet will cost an extra $159. Also the first 100 buyers will get a liquid-filled compass that can be attached to either a Tropic or nylon strap. However, considering the amount of press this watch has gotten over the weekend, I imagine they sold the first 100 already.
3/
The New And More Compact De Bethune DB28XS Starry Seas Is An Ode To Calm Seas
De Bethune watches are really something very special. The DB28 line especially. The floating lugs, delta-shaped bridge and crown at noon all give it a very futuristic look while remaining supremely elegant. The newly introduced DB28X Starry Seas takes all of these traits and gives them a huge makeover, despite looking practically the same - it shrinks it down radically to 39mm and gives it a beautifully serene blue dial with a world-first random guilloché pattern designed to evoke a starry sea.
The DB28XS is not only the smallest model in De Bethune’s family but inherits the slimmer, more stylised profile of the DB28XP models. With its diameter of 38.7mm (down from almost 43mm of the DB28) and thickness of 7.4mm, this petite newcomer is small and slim but also light, thanks to the polished titanium case.
The dial, which relies on a heat-blued titanium base that De Bethune has become known for, is decorated with the world’s first random guilloché pattern invented by De Bethune. Whether this means that De Bethune invented a random guilloché pattern or whether it is the fact that De Bethune has applied a random guiloché pattern to a blued titanium base needs clarifying. But there’s no denying that it’s a beautiful dial, as the wavy pattern is interrupted with sprinklings of white gold that mimic stars. A silver-plated rounded chapter ring bearing transferred Arabic numerals for hours and a blue dotted minute track frames the wavy dial. Time is indicated by two custom-made and hand-polished titanium openworked hands.
The watch comes on a supple dark blue alligator leather strap with light blue top stitching and a titanium pin buckle. De Bethune have not said whether this will be a limited model or when it will be available, but it’s expected to retail for CHF 77,000, excluding taxes.
4/
Alpina Has A Very Interesting Startimer Pilot Heritage Manufacture
Alpina is really starting to annoy me. I don’t want to take them seriously, on account of the name they share with the people that make my skis, and I’m not a huge fan of a number of their watches. But every now and again, they release a watch that’s just so great… Wait until you read all the specs and the price of the newly introduced Aplina Startimer Pilot Heritage Manufacture, an attractive vintage-inspired pilot’s watch.
The barrel-shaped case measures 42×40.75mm and lacks traditional lugs, with the strap going deep into the brushed case, with a crown at 4 o’clock. The dial is splendidly simple, with a deep blue color, a white minute track and beige luminescent hour markers. The rectangular hour and minute hands get the same beige lume. You can get it on a very vintage brown calf leather strap with white stitching.
But what’s really special is what’s inside the watch. A number of Alpina watches have had third party movements, but this one gets the AL-709 in-house calibre, an automatic movement presented in a becoming golden hue. Visible via an exhibition caseback, the movement at first glance resembles a manual movement due to its oscillating mass sharing the same golden tones as the automatic device bridge and mainplate. Subtle graining, blue screws and perlage are all augmenting the model’s overall appeal.
But what makes it even more special is the availability of 188 pieces and the price - just €2,850. And now this presents me with a question. This is obviously a very attractive watch - it looks great, has a good size, has an in house movement and does not break the bank, while still being limited which should, in theory, increase its desirability. I only now found out about the watch from the article in Escapement. In fact, this has been available since January. Why hasn’t it sold out yet? Is it just not attractive enough? Is it the name? It can’t be the value for money, or am I mistaken?
5/
Respected Independent Watchmaker Andreas Strehler Launches New Brand And Watch With The Strehler Sirna
Andreas Strehler is one of those watchmakers that is a leader among independent watchmakers and for good reason. He has mastered everything from fabrication to finishing, but then would not budge from the polarising design of his watches that many argue kept a lot of customers from him. And I love when someone is so stubborn. To be clear, his previous watches were not ugly monstrosities. They were elegant timepieces marked by a distinctive papillon, or “butterfly”, movement architecture and resulting cushion-shaped case, and Strehler has become known as the independent watchmaker’s watchmaker, having developed the HMC 341 perpetual calendar movement for H. Moser & Cie and the Dragon Lever escapement for Precision Engineering.
Stehler has now decided to expand to a wider audience and has launched a new brand known simply as Strehler, which aims to reach a wider audience with more accessible designs and prices. The brand’s opening act is the Sirna, named after the town of Sirnach in northeastern Switzerland where the manufacture is based.
At launch, the Sirna is offered in a single reference that features an elegantly proportioned, 40 mm steel case with a concave case band and ergonomically formed lugs. The crown is inlaid with a blue titanium disk that features Mr. Strehler’s signature Papillon logo. The patterned dial is also titanium, anodised in a beautiful blue. Designed by Eric Giroud, each dial is machined and laser-engraved before being individually hand polished.
But what’s really special is what’s inside - the in-house SA-30 movement that has some of the highest quality finishings at this price point. For example, the movement has an in-house gold rotor and ball-bearing rotor mount. Most brands, even those in the so-called “Holy Trinity”, typically outsource the production of rotors to a specialist.
The architecture of this 30mm calibre stands out with a series of circles for the bridges and the openworked rotor that match the curvature of the case. The large, free-sprung balance beats at 21,600 vibrations/hour and boasts 60 hours of power reserve. The decoration of this movement is refined, with hand-chamfered bevels, circular Geneva stripes, graining and circular-grained wheels, all channelling the movement’s elaborate design.
The Strehler Sirna comes on a supple brown calfskin strap with off-white stitching. The steel pin buckle is engraved with the brand’s logo. The price is set at CHF 20,000 (excl. taxes), which seems fair for an “independent watch” of this level. The watch is not a limited edition, but the production capacity is expected to be around 30 to 50 watches per year maximum.
-------------------------------------------------------------
A review of the Shinola Duck the brand’s light-duty, entry-level diver-style watch
2/
Hands-on with the Maen Brooklyn 36 — an unusual panda with a champagne twist
-------------------------------------------------------------
The Sofia II sits somewhere between a dressy and sporty piece, and Axia has sized it accordingly. The diameter of 40.5mm and lug-to-lug length of just under 48mm is a good fit on my 17.75cm (7″) wrist. It perhaps looks even larger than that due to the all-dial design and large polished lug facets. The combination of titanium, a thickness of 10.5mm, and lug tips sitting slightly lower than the case back all help the watch to sit securely and wear comfortably. But this leads to another dichotomy.
-------------------------------------------------------------
People loved the PRX giveaway! That's why I'm doing a new one. This time, we're giving away three Seiko Alpinists in that lovely green. The giveaway will be ending at the end of the month, so head on over to the newsletter before Wednesday, midnight CET if you would like to enter.
If you would like to receive some additional watch-adjacent content, as well as this news overview, every morning Monday-Friday in the form of a newsletter feel free to subscribe. However, there is absolutely no need for you to subscribe, as all the news from the newsletter is posted here. It is only if you want to receive a couple of daily links that are not strictly watch-related and want to get this news overview in your inbox.
submitted by dreftzg to Watches [link] [comments]
What's new
1/TAG Heuer Releases A Trio Of New Monacos With Skeleton Dials Ahead Of The Big Race
Hey, thanks a lot TAG! The exact second I sent out the Friday edition of It’s About Time they decided to announce a new watch. And not just any watch, that I would be cool with waiting until Monday to write about it. It is a trio of new and very different TAG Heuer Monaco Skeleton Chronographs, one of the first times they put a skeleton dial in the Monaco, but it’s also a release that coincides with the Monaco F1 Grand Prix. So here I am, writing about it after the race is over.
Never mind, it’s still a nice watch. Excluding the V4 editions that had a different case and was driven by belts, a unique piece in carbon made for Only Watch 2021, and the very exclusive “Riviera” edition, TAG Heuer has never made a production Monaco with a skeleton dial. And looking at these watches, it looks to have been a mistake on TAG’s part as the watches really do look fantastic.
The base dimensions of the watch remain the same - 39mm wide and 14.7mm thick, but not much else is the same. The case in the skeleton model is made out of sandblasted titanium to make it much lighter. While I see why some people would want that, I adore the weight of the original model. You know when you are wearing one.
TAG calls this watch a skeleton, I described it as a skeleton but it, in fact, is not actually a skeleton watch. It would more appropriately be described as an openworked Monaco, as it has a partial dial that reveals a slightly reworked movement. But even as such it looks great - all sharp lines and angles. The watch comes in three editions - Original Blue with an untreated titanium case, blue dial, white and red accents and a blue strap; Racing Red, an untreated case, black dial with red and white accents and a black strap; and Turquoise, with a black DLC coated case, a black strap, a black dial with turquoise-coloured accents and sub-dials, a colour also being sported on the column wheel and rotor.
Inside is the familiar Calibre Heuer 02 with some slight improvements, with an 80 hour power reserve. Apart from the colors, all the straps are the same, a mix of rubber and leather with a titanium folding clasp.
All three are part of the regular collection and are not limited. The Original Blue and Racing Red editions are priced at CHF 10,500, and the DLC-coated Turquoise edition at CHF 11,000.
2/
Aquastar Revives Their First Dive Watch With The Model 60, The Most Classic Of Skin Divers With A Great Price
We are in the golden age of brand revivals. Aquastar, for example, was founded in the early 60s in Geneva by Frédéric Robert, a diver, sailor, pilot, mathematician and watchmaker after Robert took over his fathers watchmaking business JeanRichard. Over the next ten years, Rober filed a number of patents that are still relevant today, like inner rotating bezels, multiple dive decompression bezels, a new crown sealing system and the friction bezel ring…
When Robert retired, the brand was bought and sold by a number of companies and ended up being revived in 2020 by Rick Marei, who is known for building up Doxa to the powerhouse it is today. And ever since then they have been putting out fire releases. Their newest one is the Aquastar Model 60, which brings back the brand’s first-ever diver with modern specs.
All of the modern releases from Aquastar have been based on the Deepstar, but the Model 60 gets a completely new case. It’s based on the original Model 60, introduced in 1957 as JeanRichard7s first diver with a water resistance rating of 100 meters, and it was seemingly the earliest watch to use a skin-diver-style case. The Model 60 is also famous for being worn by Don Walsh to the bottom of the Mariana Trench while inside the Trieste submersible.
The stainless steel case of the Model 60 measures 37mm wide, 47mm lug-to-lug, 11mm thick and with a 19mm lug spacing. Speaking of the lugs, the watch comes on a tropic strap and can be had with an optional beads-of-rice bracelet with a safety clasp, or a nylon strap. Water resistance is 200 meters, and the sunburst-finished steel bezel is bidirectional.
The dial is what you would expect from a vintage diver - black with printed white minute track and hour markers, filled with “Old Radium” Super-LumiNova. The hands are the same as the Deepstar aside from the addition of a central seconds hand with a lume pip. Inside the watch is the La Joux-Perret G100, which features a 68-hour power reserve and is adjusted to four positions.
The Aquastar Model 60 will be a regular production model for the brand, and will not be limited. The Model 60 will start at $990 and rise to $1,290 at some point. The bracelet will cost an extra $159. Also the first 100 buyers will get a liquid-filled compass that can be attached to either a Tropic or nylon strap. However, considering the amount of press this watch has gotten over the weekend, I imagine they sold the first 100 already.
3/
The New And More Compact De Bethune DB28XS Starry Seas Is An Ode To Calm Seas
De Bethune watches are really something very special. The DB28 line especially. The floating lugs, delta-shaped bridge and crown at noon all give it a very futuristic look while remaining supremely elegant. The newly introduced DB28X Starry Seas takes all of these traits and gives them a huge makeover, despite looking practically the same - it shrinks it down radically to 39mm and gives it a beautifully serene blue dial with a world-first random guilloché pattern designed to evoke a starry sea.
The DB28XS is not only the smallest model in De Bethune’s family but inherits the slimmer, more stylised profile of the DB28XP models. With its diameter of 38.7mm (down from almost 43mm of the DB28) and thickness of 7.4mm, this petite newcomer is small and slim but also light, thanks to the polished titanium case.
The dial, which relies on a heat-blued titanium base that De Bethune has become known for, is decorated with the world’s first random guilloché pattern invented by De Bethune. Whether this means that De Bethune invented a random guilloché pattern or whether it is the fact that De Bethune has applied a random guiloché pattern to a blued titanium base needs clarifying. But there’s no denying that it’s a beautiful dial, as the wavy pattern is interrupted with sprinklings of white gold that mimic stars. A silver-plated rounded chapter ring bearing transferred Arabic numerals for hours and a blue dotted minute track frames the wavy dial. Time is indicated by two custom-made and hand-polished titanium openworked hands.
The watch comes on a supple dark blue alligator leather strap with light blue top stitching and a titanium pin buckle. De Bethune have not said whether this will be a limited model or when it will be available, but it’s expected to retail for CHF 77,000, excluding taxes.
4/
Alpina Has A Very Interesting Startimer Pilot Heritage Manufacture
Alpina is really starting to annoy me. I don’t want to take them seriously, on account of the name they share with the people that make my skis, and I’m not a huge fan of a number of their watches. But every now and again, they release a watch that’s just so great… Wait until you read all the specs and the price of the newly introduced Aplina Startimer Pilot Heritage Manufacture, an attractive vintage-inspired pilot’s watch.
The barrel-shaped case measures 42×40.75mm and lacks traditional lugs, with the strap going deep into the brushed case, with a crown at 4 o’clock. The dial is splendidly simple, with a deep blue color, a white minute track and beige luminescent hour markers. The rectangular hour and minute hands get the same beige lume. You can get it on a very vintage brown calf leather strap with white stitching.
But what’s really special is what’s inside the watch. A number of Alpina watches have had third party movements, but this one gets the AL-709 in-house calibre, an automatic movement presented in a becoming golden hue. Visible via an exhibition caseback, the movement at first glance resembles a manual movement due to its oscillating mass sharing the same golden tones as the automatic device bridge and mainplate. Subtle graining, blue screws and perlage are all augmenting the model’s overall appeal.
But what makes it even more special is the availability of 188 pieces and the price - just €2,850. And now this presents me with a question. This is obviously a very attractive watch - it looks great, has a good size, has an in house movement and does not break the bank, while still being limited which should, in theory, increase its desirability. I only now found out about the watch from the article in Escapement. In fact, this has been available since January. Why hasn’t it sold out yet? Is it just not attractive enough? Is it the name? It can’t be the value for money, or am I mistaken?
5/
Respected Independent Watchmaker Andreas Strehler Launches New Brand And Watch With The Strehler Sirna
Andreas Strehler is one of those watchmakers that is a leader among independent watchmakers and for good reason. He has mastered everything from fabrication to finishing, but then would not budge from the polarising design of his watches that many argue kept a lot of customers from him. And I love when someone is so stubborn. To be clear, his previous watches were not ugly monstrosities. They were elegant timepieces marked by a distinctive papillon, or “butterfly”, movement architecture and resulting cushion-shaped case, and Strehler has become known as the independent watchmaker’s watchmaker, having developed the HMC 341 perpetual calendar movement for H. Moser & Cie and the Dragon Lever escapement for Precision Engineering.
Stehler has now decided to expand to a wider audience and has launched a new brand known simply as Strehler, which aims to reach a wider audience with more accessible designs and prices. The brand’s opening act is the Sirna, named after the town of Sirnach in northeastern Switzerland where the manufacture is based.
At launch, the Sirna is offered in a single reference that features an elegantly proportioned, 40 mm steel case with a concave case band and ergonomically formed lugs. The crown is inlaid with a blue titanium disk that features Mr. Strehler’s signature Papillon logo. The patterned dial is also titanium, anodised in a beautiful blue. Designed by Eric Giroud, each dial is machined and laser-engraved before being individually hand polished.
But what’s really special is what’s inside - the in-house SA-30 movement that has some of the highest quality finishings at this price point. For example, the movement has an in-house gold rotor and ball-bearing rotor mount. Most brands, even those in the so-called “Holy Trinity”, typically outsource the production of rotors to a specialist.
The architecture of this 30mm calibre stands out with a series of circles for the bridges and the openworked rotor that match the curvature of the case. The large, free-sprung balance beats at 21,600 vibrations/hour and boasts 60 hours of power reserve. The decoration of this movement is refined, with hand-chamfered bevels, circular Geneva stripes, graining and circular-grained wheels, all channelling the movement’s elaborate design.
The Strehler Sirna comes on a supple brown calfskin strap with off-white stitching. The steel pin buckle is engraved with the brand’s logo. The price is set at CHF 20,000 (excl. taxes), which seems fair for an “independent watch” of this level. The watch is not a limited edition, but the production capacity is expected to be around 30 to 50 watches per year maximum.
-------------------------------------------------------------
On hand - a selection of reviews
1/A review of the Shinola Duck the brand’s light-duty, entry-level diver-style watch
2/
Hands-on with the Maen Brooklyn 36 — an unusual panda with a champagne twist
-------------------------------------------------------------
Watch Worthy - A look at an offbeat, less known watch you might actually like
The Sofia II from Axia Time — high style with some substanceThe Sofia II sits somewhere between a dressy and sporty piece, and Axia has sized it accordingly. The diameter of 40.5mm and lug-to-lug length of just under 48mm is a good fit on my 17.75cm (7″) wrist. It perhaps looks even larger than that due to the all-dial design and large polished lug facets. The combination of titanium, a thickness of 10.5mm, and lug tips sitting slightly lower than the case back all help the watch to sit securely and wear comfortably. But this leads to another dichotomy.
-------------------------------------------------------------
People loved the PRX giveaway! That's why I'm doing a new one. This time, we're giving away three Seiko Alpinists in that lovely green. The giveaway will be ending at the end of the month, so head on over to the newsletter before Wednesday, midnight CET if you would like to enter.
If you would like to receive some additional watch-adjacent content, as well as this news overview, every morning Monday-Friday in the form of a newsletter feel free to subscribe. However, there is absolutely no need for you to subscribe, as all the news from the newsletter is posted here. It is only if you want to receive a couple of daily links that are not strictly watch-related and want to get this news overview in your inbox.
2023.05.29 03:49 The_dots_eat_packman [Railroad Preservation] People have been debating what color a defunct railroad painted its steam locomotives longer than I’ve been alive.
...and I'm almost 40.
This post expands on a comment I made in last week's scuffle thread about a multi-decade disagreement about what color the now-defunct Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) used to paint its steam locomotives and by extension, what color the 491, a now-restored locomotive operating at the Colorado Railroad Museum (CRM), should have been painted during her restoration. Tie a red bandanna around your neck, grab some popcorn, and sit back for a two-for-one hobby history and drama.
First, four short disclosures. One, I am associated with CRM, but I did not participate in the restoration of 491. Second, I have no preference what color 491 should be, I'm just glad she’s running. Third, this is US-centric, because I'm not going to eat up word count clarifying international differences every paragraph. Fourth, 491 uses she/her pronouns. That’s not woke, it's historically accurate. Deal with it, you friggin’ lopsided, melting snowflake.
Before we get to the drama, let’s get a bit of context and background. The D&RGW railroad was founded in 1870 and eventually became a part of Union Pacific in the 1990s. D&RGW built and operated routes in the US states of Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. For a long time, these tracks were among the very few ways to easily travel west of Denver and through the Rocky Mountains. Those corridors were, and still continue to be, foundational parts of the US rail network.
Over time, D&RGW became renowned around the world for operating in some of the most beautiful but technically difficult terrain in North America. The passenger trains themselves became destinations, and the mountainous routes fascinated historians, railroad photographers, and model railroaders. Seriously--just look at this train mountain-goating its way up a cliff.. In addition, the railroad was notable for operating an extensive network of "narrow gauge" tracks—the rails were 3' apart instead of the standard 4' 8.5". Without getting too far into the technical weeds, narrow gauge worked better than standard in mountainous terrain.
Another thing that made the D&RGW a darling among railroad enthusiasts is that while they got rid of the steam locomotives on its mainline tracks in late 1940s or early 50s, just like most other railroads did, they kept on chuggin' down the narrow gauge tracks until 1968. To put that in perspective, that's the year the White Album came out, and the year that Planet of the Apes and Night of the Living Dead were released. 1968 was the year before Woodstock and Apollo 11, and only 15 years before the Internet was invented.
1968, in other words, is incredibly recent. It is within the lifespan of some of you reading this post. It should be kept in mind that when we talk about the D&RGW and the 491’s service life, those things, while distant, have not yet faded into history. There are many still-living people who worked on this railroad, operated specific pieces of equipment, and saw it around their communities. There are far more people who had a father, grandfather, uncle, or other relative involved in this industry. We aren’t discussing events in the distant past, and the people who care about this aren’t just hyper-fixated on arcane details of history. For many people, the presence of this railroad, and the continued preservation of its remnants, are intensely personal.
Before we move on, let's take a moment to get some additional context on how railroads used color on their equipment. Today, you might notice that most railroads have a set "livery" that they paint on their locomotives. (UP yellow, BNSF orange, CSX blue, ect.) Prior to about 1900, steam locomotives were just as colorful, and were often decorated with elaborate trimmings made of polished metal. Not only was this in keeping with decorative tastes in the mid to late 1900s, steam locomotives were at the time a brand new technology and their owners wanted them to catch the public's eye. This is actually where the idiom "all the bells and whistles" comes from. Most toys, clip art pictures, and children's television programs depict locomotives from this era.
However, after roughly1900, the appearance of most steam locomotives became far more utilitarian. The Victorian maximalist style started to fall out of favor across the board, especially after the wars, and most railroads in the US accordingly preferred unembellished equipment. Now, their locomotives were most often painted black with minimal amounts of gray, white, or silver trimming.
By about 1900, railroads companies had also noodled out that keeping a brightly colored and decorated locomotive clean enough that it didn't reflect poorly on the company required a lot of labor. Remember, these machines— this is worth harping on both because it's going to be a plot point in a little bit and because modern readers might not fully grasp what “steam power” means—are ON FIRE AT ALL TIMES WHILE OPERATING. A very messy chain of events results from this intrinsic property:
1.Where there’s fire, there’s smoke.
There were some exceptions to this preference. Often, railroads painted passenger locomotives to distinguish them from freight locomotives or to fit into the paint scheme used for every piece of equipment on a specific train. Two good extant and operable examples of colorful locomotives are the Southern Pacific 4449 and the Norfolk & Western 611. Other railroads preferred colorful, but very dark shades of paint for at least some of their locomotives. One of those railroads just so happened to be the D&RGW: There's documented evidence that instead of using black, they painted some of their locomotive a shade of dark green. For the curious, it is approximately hex code 1E3D0E.
Speaking of D&RGW, let's jump back to the 1960s and introduce the specific steam locomotive at the center of this drama: D&RGW no. 491. For you nerds—you know who you are—she is a K-37 Class superheated, outside-frame, 2-8-2 Mikado. She and nine other K-37s were built in-house by the D&RGW in 1928. 491 was taken out of revenue service in 1963.
As an aside, it was actually really rare for railroads to build their own steam locomotives. D&RGW decided to do this because of an entirely different historical drama which, though at the time was complex enough to max out the character limits of gossipy telegrams, can with hindsight be briefly summarized as:
Baldwin Locomotive Works: "Fuck you, pay me."
D&RGW: "NO."
Luckily for the K-37s, by the time they were taken out of service, there had emerged a very dedicated coalition of people actively working to preserve steam power in general and Colorado’s unique railroad history specifically. They were resoundingly successful: All but 8 of the 10 K-37 locomotives, and numerous examples of many other classes, were saved. All tolled, there are about 15 former D&RGW steam locomotives in operable condition or being considered for restoration at the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, the Cumbres & Toltec railroad, and the Colorado Railroad Museum. Additionally, most of the heritage railroads in Colorado operate on routes decommissioned by the D&RGW.
Two of the K-37s—the 491 and the 493—have been restored to operating condition. The 491 got her second lease on life at CRM in the early 2000s-2010s, and the Durango & Silverton returned the 493 to service in 2020.
While D&S made some purposeful modifications to 493 to render her more suited to 21st century operation, CRM set out with the goal of restoring 491 as close to historically accurate condition as possible. They were in fact contractually bound to do so, since the museum had applied and received significant funding from the Colorado State Historical Fund, and the terms of that grant required that any change made to the locomotive would have to be backed up by records or photographs preserved from her days in revenue service.
That should be easy, right? We just talked about those revenue days that were very recent, didn't we? Hit the independent and the automatic brake, and throw on a handbrake just for good measure, because historical accuracy can be VERY tricky for railroad preservation.
Given that, the revenue service life of most pieces of equipment was, on average, about 40 years, many have been overhauled or significantly modified while in service. Others have been subjected to "Red Green this thing out of my shop and get it back on the mainline" types of repairs that, while technically accurate to the period, were not the typical or best practice and are inappropriate in a preservation setting.
There are, in other words, sometimes multiple and equally well documented versions of “historically accurate,” and it becomes a matter of opinion as to which one is best to recreate. Because of the very powerful personal connections to the equipment we discussed earlier, those opinions are often VERY passionate. It's at this point where we FINALLY where we get to the meat of this drama, because the restoration of the 491 put one specific question in the crossfires of that passion:
What color did the D&RGW paint the 491 and, more importantly, what color should CRM paint her?
Most people assumed that since the 491 showed up at the museum painted almost all black and silver, she would be painted the same way during her restoration. However, given that she had been in service for 35 years, it was possible that she had been repainted at least once or twice. In fact, for a long time, and I mean longer that the internet has even been around long, there has been a dogged faction of people who that believed the 491 operated at least some of her revenue service with her boiler jacket(a thin, metal sheet that holds insulation against the boiler and protects the boiler itself from the elements) painted dark green. As evidence, they pointed to old shop records, a few eyewitness testimonies, and cans of paint found in various facilities. This faction made it known that they wished the 491 to be painted green, and those who preferred black or thought black was better documented raised their objections.
It should have been easy to figure out which color was 'correct,' right? Didn’t you say there are records? There are, but the catch is that while those records amount to a pretty good body of evidence that the D&RGW used green paint at some point, on some of its locomotives, they don't provide a comprehensive record of exactly which locomotives were painted what color at what time. There’s nothing substantive that the 491 herself was painted green.
The next best bet, you'd think, would be to look at photographs. Unfortunately, this isn't reliable. Most of the revenue service photographs of the 491 and her sisters are in black and white, and it is difficult to conclusively determine which colors are being depicted, especially when they are very similar like black and the shade of green in question. Team Green indicated that some pictures render the boiler jacket in slightly lighter shades of gray, meaning it must be a different color, and Team Black counters that the difference might be due to shadows or that paint being more glossy than what was used on other components. Besides, they say, if 491 had been painted green, wouldn't more people REMEMBER her that way? Team Green has a hand answer for that, too: The K-37s simply spent most of their service lives too dirty for the green paint to be seen. That sounds like a stupid ass-pull of an answer, but until we cleaned her up a few weeks ago, I genuinely forgot that 491 was (spoiler alert) painted green.
For YEARS, this was such a hot debate that it probably could have raised 491 up to operating pressure. Some of the source threads I’ve linked to are from the early 2000s—note that many of them mention discussing this issue in the 80s and 90s—and this debate was brought up in pre-internet railfan publications and correspondences. It came to a head when, in the process of the restoration, staff at CRM found flecks of green paint while inspecting and cleaning 491 for restoration. The samples were collected, compared against known samples, and shown to people who were familiar with 491 and other D&RGW locomotives while in service. This exhaustive, almost forensic investigation proved that the 491 had, in fact, been painted green, so proponents of a black boiler jacket revised their position in the face of new evidence.
Just kidding of course.
While there was no question that CRM's restoration of 491 was very well done, there was still some debate about whether those paint flecks were enough to prove that she was ever painted green. Some say that they were not present in great enough quantities to prove definitively that the paint came from the 491 or to determine exactly what parts of the locomotive had been painted that color.
Others point out that while the 491 and her sisters were built by the D&RGW, the railroad used boilers that had been assembled by Baldwin Locomotive Works earlier than 1928. Unless their customers requested otherwise, Baldwin painted the locomotives and parts it produced green as a default. The presence of the flakes, this opinion states, is only proof that the boiler was painted green at some point, not that it was painted green while it was part of 491.
The complicating factor is that Baldwin appears to have been very inconsistent with how they mixed up their “Baldwin Green:” Sometimes it was a very dark emerald. Other times, as with some paint on the tender 100% established to be Baldwin Green, it is an almost tan shade of olive green. Since we don’t have extant representations of all of those variations, the counterargument goes, we can’t definitively rule out that the boiler jacket samples came from Baldwin.
The most vehement of the anti-green coalition imagined a full-tilt, “Red Alert, folks, Andi in Kansas, you're on the air” level conspiracy about where the paint chips actually came from. They propose that they might have been, *ahem,* conveniently put there by someone who definitely wasn’t a D&RGW employee and who most certainly was not working on the 491 between 1928 and 1963. I don’t want to say much on this, because these folks just won’t be convinced, but that opinion is out there.
Who was convinced that the chips were good evidence, though, was the State Historical Fund, which approved changing the color of 491's boiler jacket to green. That’s how she is to this very day. There’s still some grousing that the she should have been painted black, and the broader debate about exactly which members of the D&RGW fleet was painted green is still a point of contention among narrow gauge railroad enthusiasts. I want to stress again that even though this drama might seem overwrought, most of it comes from a heartfelt dedication to preserving things “correctly,” and very personal reasons to prefer a certain version of “correct.”
I’m going to end this post, though, by saying this: It doesn't really matter what color the 491 actually is, because we also strive for historical accuracy in how often we wipe her down.
Finally, if you ever get a chance to visit the museums or heritage railroads mentioned here or others that weren't relevant, please by all means do so! There are many people working as hard as they can to keep this history alive, and we can always use your support, advocacy, and patronage.
Source
Another source
Third source
submitted by The_dots_eat_packman to HobbyDrama [link] [comments]
This post expands on a comment I made in last week's scuffle thread about a multi-decade disagreement about what color the now-defunct Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) used to paint its steam locomotives and by extension, what color the 491, a now-restored locomotive operating at the Colorado Railroad Museum (CRM), should have been painted during her restoration. Tie a red bandanna around your neck, grab some popcorn, and sit back for a two-for-one hobby history and drama.
First, four short disclosures. One, I am associated with CRM, but I did not participate in the restoration of 491. Second, I have no preference what color 491 should be, I'm just glad she’s running. Third, this is US-centric, because I'm not going to eat up word count clarifying international differences every paragraph. Fourth, 491 uses she/her pronouns. That’s not woke, it's historically accurate. Deal with it, you friggin’ lopsided, melting snowflake.
Before we get to the drama, let’s get a bit of context and background. The D&RGW railroad was founded in 1870 and eventually became a part of Union Pacific in the 1990s. D&RGW built and operated routes in the US states of Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. For a long time, these tracks were among the very few ways to easily travel west of Denver and through the Rocky Mountains. Those corridors were, and still continue to be, foundational parts of the US rail network.
Over time, D&RGW became renowned around the world for operating in some of the most beautiful but technically difficult terrain in North America. The passenger trains themselves became destinations, and the mountainous routes fascinated historians, railroad photographers, and model railroaders. Seriously--just look at this train mountain-goating its way up a cliff.. In addition, the railroad was notable for operating an extensive network of "narrow gauge" tracks—the rails were 3' apart instead of the standard 4' 8.5". Without getting too far into the technical weeds, narrow gauge worked better than standard in mountainous terrain.
Another thing that made the D&RGW a darling among railroad enthusiasts is that while they got rid of the steam locomotives on its mainline tracks in late 1940s or early 50s, just like most other railroads did, they kept on chuggin' down the narrow gauge tracks until 1968. To put that in perspective, that's the year the White Album came out, and the year that Planet of the Apes and Night of the Living Dead were released. 1968 was the year before Woodstock and Apollo 11, and only 15 years before the Internet was invented.
1968, in other words, is incredibly recent. It is within the lifespan of some of you reading this post. It should be kept in mind that when we talk about the D&RGW and the 491’s service life, those things, while distant, have not yet faded into history. There are many still-living people who worked on this railroad, operated specific pieces of equipment, and saw it around their communities. There are far more people who had a father, grandfather, uncle, or other relative involved in this industry. We aren’t discussing events in the distant past, and the people who care about this aren’t just hyper-fixated on arcane details of history. For many people, the presence of this railroad, and the continued preservation of its remnants, are intensely personal.
Before we move on, let's take a moment to get some additional context on how railroads used color on their equipment. Today, you might notice that most railroads have a set "livery" that they paint on their locomotives. (UP yellow, BNSF orange, CSX blue, ect.) Prior to about 1900, steam locomotives were just as colorful, and were often decorated with elaborate trimmings made of polished metal. Not only was this in keeping with decorative tastes in the mid to late 1900s, steam locomotives were at the time a brand new technology and their owners wanted them to catch the public's eye. This is actually where the idiom "all the bells and whistles" comes from. Most toys, clip art pictures, and children's television programs depict locomotives from this era.
However, after roughly1900, the appearance of most steam locomotives became far more utilitarian. The Victorian maximalist style started to fall out of favor across the board, especially after the wars, and most railroads in the US accordingly preferred unembellished equipment. Now, their locomotives were most often painted black with minimal amounts of gray, white, or silver trimming.
By about 1900, railroads companies had also noodled out that keeping a brightly colored and decorated locomotive clean enough that it didn't reflect poorly on the company required a lot of labor. Remember, these machines— this is worth harping on both because it's going to be a plot point in a little bit and because modern readers might not fully grasp what “steam power” means—are ON FIRE AT ALL TIMES WHILE OPERATING. A very messy chain of events results from this intrinsic property:
1.Where there’s fire, there’s smoke.
- Where there’s smoke and exhaust steam going out the same smokestack, there is the creation of a thick, jet-black sludge of train-dirt.
- The smokestack belching train-dirt is attached to a locomotive that is usually moving forward, which means that cancerous inky puke blows back onto any and every part of the locomotive situated behind the smokestack.
There were some exceptions to this preference. Often, railroads painted passenger locomotives to distinguish them from freight locomotives or to fit into the paint scheme used for every piece of equipment on a specific train. Two good extant and operable examples of colorful locomotives are the Southern Pacific 4449 and the Norfolk & Western 611. Other railroads preferred colorful, but very dark shades of paint for at least some of their locomotives. One of those railroads just so happened to be the D&RGW: There's documented evidence that instead of using black, they painted some of their locomotive a shade of dark green. For the curious, it is approximately hex code 1E3D0E.
Speaking of D&RGW, let's jump back to the 1960s and introduce the specific steam locomotive at the center of this drama: D&RGW no. 491. For you nerds—you know who you are—she is a K-37 Class superheated, outside-frame, 2-8-2 Mikado. She and nine other K-37s were built in-house by the D&RGW in 1928. 491 was taken out of revenue service in 1963.
As an aside, it was actually really rare for railroads to build their own steam locomotives. D&RGW decided to do this because of an entirely different historical drama which, though at the time was complex enough to max out the character limits of gossipy telegrams, can with hindsight be briefly summarized as:
Baldwin Locomotive Works: "Fuck you, pay me."
D&RGW: "NO."
Luckily for the K-37s, by the time they were taken out of service, there had emerged a very dedicated coalition of people actively working to preserve steam power in general and Colorado’s unique railroad history specifically. They were resoundingly successful: All but 8 of the 10 K-37 locomotives, and numerous examples of many other classes, were saved. All tolled, there are about 15 former D&RGW steam locomotives in operable condition or being considered for restoration at the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, the Cumbres & Toltec railroad, and the Colorado Railroad Museum. Additionally, most of the heritage railroads in Colorado operate on routes decommissioned by the D&RGW.
Two of the K-37s—the 491 and the 493—have been restored to operating condition. The 491 got her second lease on life at CRM in the early 2000s-2010s, and the Durango & Silverton returned the 493 to service in 2020.
While D&S made some purposeful modifications to 493 to render her more suited to 21st century operation, CRM set out with the goal of restoring 491 as close to historically accurate condition as possible. They were in fact contractually bound to do so, since the museum had applied and received significant funding from the Colorado State Historical Fund, and the terms of that grant required that any change made to the locomotive would have to be backed up by records or photographs preserved from her days in revenue service.
That should be easy, right? We just talked about those revenue days that were very recent, didn't we? Hit the independent and the automatic brake, and throw on a handbrake just for good measure, because historical accuracy can be VERY tricky for railroad preservation.
Given that, the revenue service life of most pieces of equipment was, on average, about 40 years, many have been overhauled or significantly modified while in service. Others have been subjected to "Red Green this thing out of my shop and get it back on the mainline" types of repairs that, while technically accurate to the period, were not the typical or best practice and are inappropriate in a preservation setting.
There are, in other words, sometimes multiple and equally well documented versions of “historically accurate,” and it becomes a matter of opinion as to which one is best to recreate. Because of the very powerful personal connections to the equipment we discussed earlier, those opinions are often VERY passionate. It's at this point where we FINALLY where we get to the meat of this drama, because the restoration of the 491 put one specific question in the crossfires of that passion:
What color did the D&RGW paint the 491 and, more importantly, what color should CRM paint her?
Most people assumed that since the 491 showed up at the museum painted almost all black and silver, she would be painted the same way during her restoration. However, given that she had been in service for 35 years, it was possible that she had been repainted at least once or twice. In fact, for a long time, and I mean longer that the internet has even been around long, there has been a dogged faction of people who that believed the 491 operated at least some of her revenue service with her boiler jacket(a thin, metal sheet that holds insulation against the boiler and protects the boiler itself from the elements) painted dark green. As evidence, they pointed to old shop records, a few eyewitness testimonies, and cans of paint found in various facilities. This faction made it known that they wished the 491 to be painted green, and those who preferred black or thought black was better documented raised their objections.
It should have been easy to figure out which color was 'correct,' right? Didn’t you say there are records? There are, but the catch is that while those records amount to a pretty good body of evidence that the D&RGW used green paint at some point, on some of its locomotives, they don't provide a comprehensive record of exactly which locomotives were painted what color at what time. There’s nothing substantive that the 491 herself was painted green.
The next best bet, you'd think, would be to look at photographs. Unfortunately, this isn't reliable. Most of the revenue service photographs of the 491 and her sisters are in black and white, and it is difficult to conclusively determine which colors are being depicted, especially when they are very similar like black and the shade of green in question. Team Green indicated that some pictures render the boiler jacket in slightly lighter shades of gray, meaning it must be a different color, and Team Black counters that the difference might be due to shadows or that paint being more glossy than what was used on other components. Besides, they say, if 491 had been painted green, wouldn't more people REMEMBER her that way? Team Green has a hand answer for that, too: The K-37s simply spent most of their service lives too dirty for the green paint to be seen. That sounds like a stupid ass-pull of an answer, but until we cleaned her up a few weeks ago, I genuinely forgot that 491 was (spoiler alert) painted green.
For YEARS, this was such a hot debate that it probably could have raised 491 up to operating pressure. Some of the source threads I’ve linked to are from the early 2000s—note that many of them mention discussing this issue in the 80s and 90s—and this debate was brought up in pre-internet railfan publications and correspondences. It came to a head when, in the process of the restoration, staff at CRM found flecks of green paint while inspecting and cleaning 491 for restoration. The samples were collected, compared against known samples, and shown to people who were familiar with 491 and other D&RGW locomotives while in service. This exhaustive, almost forensic investigation proved that the 491 had, in fact, been painted green, so proponents of a black boiler jacket revised their position in the face of new evidence.
Just kidding of course.
While there was no question that CRM's restoration of 491 was very well done, there was still some debate about whether those paint flecks were enough to prove that she was ever painted green. Some say that they were not present in great enough quantities to prove definitively that the paint came from the 491 or to determine exactly what parts of the locomotive had been painted that color.
Others point out that while the 491 and her sisters were built by the D&RGW, the railroad used boilers that had been assembled by Baldwin Locomotive Works earlier than 1928. Unless their customers requested otherwise, Baldwin painted the locomotives and parts it produced green as a default. The presence of the flakes, this opinion states, is only proof that the boiler was painted green at some point, not that it was painted green while it was part of 491.
The complicating factor is that Baldwin appears to have been very inconsistent with how they mixed up their “Baldwin Green:” Sometimes it was a very dark emerald. Other times, as with some paint on the tender 100% established to be Baldwin Green, it is an almost tan shade of olive green. Since we don’t have extant representations of all of those variations, the counterargument goes, we can’t definitively rule out that the boiler jacket samples came from Baldwin.
The most vehement of the anti-green coalition imagined a full-tilt, “Red Alert, folks, Andi in Kansas, you're on the air” level conspiracy about where the paint chips actually came from. They propose that they might have been, *ahem,* conveniently put there by someone who definitely wasn’t a D&RGW employee and who most certainly was not working on the 491 between 1928 and 1963. I don’t want to say much on this, because these folks just won’t be convinced, but that opinion is out there.
Who was convinced that the chips were good evidence, though, was the State Historical Fund, which approved changing the color of 491's boiler jacket to green. That’s how she is to this very day. There’s still some grousing that the she should have been painted black, and the broader debate about exactly which members of the D&RGW fleet was painted green is still a point of contention among narrow gauge railroad enthusiasts. I want to stress again that even though this drama might seem overwrought, most of it comes from a heartfelt dedication to preserving things “correctly,” and very personal reasons to prefer a certain version of “correct.”
I’m going to end this post, though, by saying this: It doesn't really matter what color the 491 actually is, because we also strive for historical accuracy in how often we wipe her down.
Finally, if you ever get a chance to visit the museums or heritage railroads mentioned here or others that weren't relevant, please by all means do so! There are many people working as hard as they can to keep this history alive, and we can always use your support, advocacy, and patronage.
Source
Another source
Third source
2023.05.29 01:57 itsGreghere Thank you, and goodbye!
Proud former owners of a 2005 4Runner Limited V8, purchased to tow an old Airstream trailer we lived out of on the road for a year starting in 2019 (yes, weird times during the pandemic). We sold it last year with 275,000 miles and bought a new 2022 RAV4 Hybrid SE, wanting to stay in the Toyota family. We really wanted the XSE with a hitch and a couple technology options, but were told by our dealer that the high trims were impossible to get. After turning down lower spec options, 5 months was long enough to wait and we took the SE.
After 6 months, we were bummed with the first new car purchased both of us had ever made. The cloth seats were scratchy and clung to every dog hair, the infotainment felt the same as my 2009 Prius, and worst of all the MPG was a disappointing ~35 (mostly winter, mostly short trips in town).
We randomly stopped in to check out the Hyundai Ioniq 5 and ended up trading the RAV in for one the very next day. After incentives the Ioniq came out to the same $42,500 sale price that our RAV was (after $2,500 dealer markup and options) and they gave us almost MSRP on trade.
Sorry, not sorry. We fell out of love with Toyota and the Hyundai EV is in another league for the same money. All the best to you all! Find me at Ioniq5 moving forward...
submitted by itsGreghere to rav4club [link] [comments]
After 6 months, we were bummed with the first new car purchased both of us had ever made. The cloth seats were scratchy and clung to every dog hair, the infotainment felt the same as my 2009 Prius, and worst of all the MPG was a disappointing ~35 (mostly winter, mostly short trips in town).
We randomly stopped in to check out the Hyundai Ioniq 5 and ended up trading the RAV in for one the very next day. After incentives the Ioniq came out to the same $42,500 sale price that our RAV was (after $2,500 dealer markup and options) and they gave us almost MSRP on trade.
Sorry, not sorry. We fell out of love with Toyota and the Hyundai EV is in another league for the same money. All the best to you all! Find me at Ioniq5 moving forward...
2023.05.28 19:51 Fikersveen Bianchi ViaNirone7 C2C - crank bearing
I have an old Bianchi ViaNirone7 C2C. Think its around 2009 mod. I think my crank bearing is starting to struggle and needs to replacement. But I struggle to find out the specs for that online. Does anyone have a tip to where I can find out? I know I might need to open in order to find out, but I hoped to find out and order before removing the crank.
submitted by Fikersveen to bicycling [link] [comments]
2023.05.28 17:39 4sk1n Can you mix and match brake levers and calipers?
Crashed and broke lever for old avid elixer 5 circa 2009. Cant find replacement elixer 5 lever online. Need to replace the whole thing not just the lever blade it broke bad. Can I replace it with a different model of hydraulic lever? What specs would I need to make sure match?
Thanks!
submitted by 4sk1n to bikewrench [link] [comments]
Thanks!
2023.05.28 01:51 StewTheDuder Used 6800XT from Jawa
Grabbed a used 6800XT off of Jawa (seller admitted it was mined with for 1 1/2 years) for my brothers birthday. He’s rocking a 5700XT and has 165hz 1440p monitor so I wanted to do something nice for him. He’s very frugal and I doubt he’d upgrade anytime soon so when I got my nice bonus check I did this for him. Paid $390 for it.
Just got done testing the card and holy crap, this thing is a beast. These are the benchmarks I was getting in DL2 (all settings high, no RT), other two games were at Ultra preset, and at 3440x1440. Cards temps stayed between 60s/70s, junction hit mid 80s. Was even doing Ray Tracing High in Spiderman with maxed out preset getting 60/70+ fps with FSR 2 Quality on. I have a 7900XT myself and wanted him to have a good GPU that he won’t need to upgrade for a while. Sent him the benchmarks and he’s stoked. He didn’t know I got it for him until just now.
submitted by StewTheDuder to PcBuild [link] [comments]
Just got done testing the card and holy crap, this thing is a beast. These are the benchmarks I was getting in DL2 (all settings high, no RT), other two games were at Ultra preset, and at 3440x1440. Cards temps stayed between 60s/70s, junction hit mid 80s. Was even doing Ray Tracing High in Spiderman with maxed out preset getting 60/70+ fps with FSR 2 Quality on. I have a 7900XT myself and wanted him to have a good GPU that he won’t need to upgrade for a while. Sent him the benchmarks and he’s stoked. He didn’t know I got it for him until just now.
2023.05.27 23:15 Dizzy_Amphibian Went through some of my older boxes
 | submitted by Dizzy_Amphibian to baseballcards [link] [comments] |
2023.05.27 07:42 Long-Experience8779 12 Open Source GIS Software
12 open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) software, along with some of their notable features and links for access:
1.QGIS (Quantum GIS)
2.GRASS GIS
3.GDAL/OGR
4.MapServer
5.GeoServer
6.PostGIS
7.SAGA GIS (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses)
8.gvSIG
9.OpenLayers
10.Leaflet
11. Whitebox GAT
12. Orfeo Toolbox
These tools are all powerful and versatile, they each have their unique strengths and best use cases. Depending on your specific needs, some may be more appropriate than others.
For more detail about the GIS software read the article: Strengths and weakness GIS Software
submitted by Long-Experience8779 to u/Long-Experience8779 [link] [comments]
1.QGIS (Quantum GIS)
- Features: Supports vector, raster, and database formats. It also provides feature like digitizing, viewing, importing, exporting, and analysis of geospatial data.
- QGIS is a professional GIS application that is built on top of and proud to be itself Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS). It can work with many data formats (raster, vector, and database), making it flexible for different GIS tasks. Additionally, QGIS allows for the creation of plugins to extend software functionality, allowing customization for specific needs.
- QGIS is a user-friendly, cross-platform desktop geographic information system (GIS) used to analyze and edit spatial information. QGIS supports both raster and vector layers; vector data is stored as either point, line, or polygon features. The software also supports integration with other popular GIS software.
- Access: QGIS
- Official Website: https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html
2.GRASS GIS
- Features: Offers image processing, data management, and spatial modeling. It’s suitable for professional GIS data analysis and representation.
- GRASS GIS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a software suite used for geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics and map production, spatial modeling, and visualization. It is known for its advanced capabilities in handling raster, topological vector, image processing, and graphics production.
- Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) is a robust, open-source raster geographic information system (GIS) and supports interfaces for programming languages. GRASS is more suitable for academic and advanced GIS work requiring complex spatial analysis and modelling. However, it has a steeper learning curve compared to QGIS.
- Official Website: https://grass.osgeo.org/download/
- Access: GRASS GIS
3.GDAL/OGR
- Features: A translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats. This provides a single raster abstract data model and a single vector abstract data model to the calling application for all supported formats.
- The Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) is a translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats that presents a single raster abstract data model and single vector abstract data model to the calling application for all supported formats. It also comes with a variety of useful command-line utilities for data translation and processing.
- GDAL is a translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats. OGR is a part of GDAL that handles vector data. It’s a powerful tool for converting and manipulating a wide variety of geospatial data formats.
- Official Website: https://gdal.org/download.html
- Access: GDAL
4.MapServer
- Features: Supports rendering a variety of spatial data formats into maps, including advanced cartographic quality maps. It also supports OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) standards.
- MapServer is an Open Source platform for publishing spatial data and interactive mapping applications to the web. It’s known for performance, as it is fast and can be used for displaying large datasets.
- MapServer is an open-source platform for publishing spatial data and interactive mapping applications to the web. It’s known for speed and ability to support a large number of data formats.
- Official Website: https://mapserver.org/download.html
- Access: MapServer
5.GeoServer
- Features: Allows sharing, processing, and editing geospatial data. It supports standards set by the OGC like Web Feature Service (WFS), Web Map Service (WMS), and Web Coverage Service (WCS).
- GeoServer is a server that allows users to share, process and edit geospatial data. Designed for interoperability, it publishes data from any major spatial data source using open standards.
- GeoServer is an open-source server written in Java that allows users to share, process, and edit geospatial data. It’s designed for interoperability and interfaces with a wide variety of data formats.
- Official Website: https://geoserver.org/download/
- Access: GeoServer
6.PostGIS
- Features: Adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL relational database. It follows the Simple Features for SQL spec from OGC.
- PostGIS is a powerful extension for the PostgreSQL database that adds support for geographic objects. It enables location queries to be run in SQL.
- PostGIS is an extension to the PostgreSQL relational database that adds support for geographic objects, allowing location queries to be run in SQL.
- Official Website: https://postgis.net/install/
- Access: PostGIS
7.SAGA GIS (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses)
- Features: Designed for an easy and effective implementation of spatial algorithms. Offers a comprehensive, growing set of geoscientific methods, providing an API for the implementation of new functions.
- SAGA is a GIS used for editing spatial data. It provides a user-friendly GUI and API and includes many modules for the analysis of vector, table, grid and image data, as well as for geostatistics, and various tools for GIS-applications.
- SAGA GIS is a GIS software with immense capabilities for geodata processing and analysis. SAGA is especially useful for terrain analysis but also offers tools for many different kinds of geospatial analysis.
- Official Website: http://www.saga-gis.org/en/index.html
- Access: SAGA GIS
8.gvSIG
- Features: Designed to be an easily extensible solution, allowing continually evolving with the new technologies. Used for capturing, storing, handling, analyzing, and deploying any kind of referenced geographic information.
- gvSIG is a tool for geospatial data analysis, including a desktop version for data exploration and editing, and a mobile version for data collection in the field.
- gvSIG is a desktop GIS application capable of handling vector and raster data, databases, remote services, and complex topological operations. It has a wide variety of plugins that expand its basic capabilities.
- Official Website: http://www.gvsig.com/en/products/gvsig-desktop/downloads
- Access: gvSIG
9.OpenLayers
- Features: A high-performance, feature-packed library for creating interactive maps on the web. It can display map tiles, vector data, and markers loaded from any source.
- OpenLayers is a high-performance, feature-packed library for creating interactive maps on the web. It supports a variety of geospatial data sources and includes features like vector editing and server-side rendering.
- OpenLayers is a high-performance, feature-packed library for creating interactive maps in web applications. It can display maps from any static image source or from dynamic map servers.
- Official Website: https://openlayers.org/
- Access: OpenLayers
10.Leaflet
- Features: A mobile-friendly, lightweight, yet robust library for interactive maps. It’s designed with simplicity, performance, and usability in mind.
- Leaflet is a JavaScript library for mobile-friendly interactive maps. It’s lightweight, yet robust and very easy to use. It’s designed with simplicity, performance and usability in mind.
- Leaflet is a widely used open-source JavaScript library for building mobile-friendly, interactive maps. It’s known for its simplicity, performance, and usability.
- Official Website: https://leafletjs.com/
- Access: Leaflet
11. Whitebox GAT
- Features: An open-source geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing software package. Provides a platform for advanced geospatial data analysis with applications in both environmental research and geomatics.
- Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools (GAT) is an open-source geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing software package. The project began in 2009 and was originally intended to provide a platform for the development of geospatial algorithms.
- Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools (GAT) is an open-source GIS and remote sensing software package. It’s developed with a focus on providing a user-friendly platform for advanced geospatial data analysis.
- Official Website: https://www.uoguelph.ca/~hydrogeo/Whitebox/
- Access: Whitebox GAT
12. Orfeo Toolbox
- Features: A C++ library for remote sensing image processing, has been initiated by the French Space Agency (CNES). Provides a large set of algorithms and applications, including image simulation, image segmentation, and image statistics.
- Orfeo Toolbox is a library for processing high spatial resolution images like those obtained from satellites. It’s built on the medical image processing library ITK and provides extensive capabilities for large image processing tasks.
- Orfeo Toolbox (OTB) is a library for remote sensing image processing. It was developed by the French Space Agency and is widely used for high-resolution optical, multispectral, and radar images.
- Official Website: https://www.orfeo-toolbox.org/download/
- Access: Orfeo Toolbox
These tools are all powerful and versatile, they each have their unique strengths and best use cases. Depending on your specific needs, some may be more appropriate than others.
For more detail about the GIS software read the article: Strengths and weakness GIS Software
2023.05.27 07:35 AttorneyActual8235 Balljoint Boot
 | Did my control arms last week on both sides. The first one on the right went smooth but by the time i did the drivers side i was getting tired and impatient since bolt alignment was a major problem so i wasn't as meticulous submitted by AttorneyActual8235 to mitsubishi [link] [comments] Question is will the ball-joint boot on the left be compromised in any way for the foreseeable future or should i pull the wheel off and pop it off and fix the boot seat in a week when i can? Both side's we're torqued to spec and with the weight of the vehicle on the bushings and ball-joint. Another question is i took the car for a 50 Km test drive and there's this mysterious grease on the inside of my rim that you can see in the picture also on the left side but everything including the new ball-joint is nice and dry. It feel's not as thick as the ball-joint grease from the old one i pickle forked out (Was not leaking on this side before removal). Only thing leaking is the inner CV Boot clamp about a foot and a half away. Any idea's?? Any wet looking spots on the dust shield and knuckle are from brake cleaner and a wire brush to clean up the area. Car is 2009 Lancer. Right side. Left side with questionable boot. Left side also with the mystery grease. |
2023.05.27 07:33 AttorneyActual8235 Ball-joint Boot's
 | Did my control arms last week on both sides. The first one on the right went smooth but by the time i did the drivers side i was getting tired and impatient since bolt alignment was a major problem so i wasn't as meticulous submitted by AttorneyActual8235 to MechanicAdvice [link] [comments] Question is will the ball-joint boot on the left be compromised in any way for the foreseeable future or should i pull the wheel off and pop it off and fix the boot seat in a week when i can? Both side's we're torqued to spec and with the weight of the vehicle on the bushings and ball-joint. Another question is i took the car for a 50 Km test drive and there's this mysterious grease on the inside of my rim that you can see in the picture also on the left side but everything including the new ball-joint is nice and dry. Only thing leaking is the inner CV Boot clamp about a foot and a half away. Any idea's?? Any wet looking spots on the dust shield and knuckle are from brake cleaner and a wire brush to clean up the area. Car is 2009 Lancer. Right side Left side with questionable boot. Left side with the grease on the one spot on the rim, Feel's not too thick and it's dark brown and gritty. |
2023.05.27 02:04 ivraatiems [USA-AZ] [H] 2009 Macbook A1181 Refurbished w/4GB RAM, 120GB SSD, Open Core Ventura 13.4, New Battery [W] PayPal or Local Cash
Photos + timestamp.
This 2009 Macbook is a little rough around the edges visually, but at its core, it's a great and fully functional machine. It has macOS Ventura installed on it via Open Core Launcher at the moment, but I can install any version of macOS or Linux you prefer. It works great, but Ventura is a little slow on its specs. Usable, but sometimes laggy. I upgraded the RAM to its maximum official capacity (4GB) and it has a brand new battery. The OS is not connected to iCloud; I will include login passwords when I ship the machine. Original charger working and included.
Specs: Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo P7450 @ 2.13ghz
RAM: 4GB 800mhz DDR2
Storage: 120GB SSD (brand new)
Graphics: Nvidia GeForce 9400M
Repairs: Refurbished by me. SSD installed by prior user. RAM upgraded by me. Battery installed by me. No other repair history I know of. Cosmetic defects as pictured.
Price: $80 OBO + shipping. I will ship via whatever you prefer of UPS, FedEx, or USPS, or local pickup is available in southern Arizona, message me for details.
Note: This is a used machine running an unofficial (Apple unsupported) configuration. If you have any issues, I'll try to help you as best I can, but I don't offer warranties and I don't accept returns. I restore these for fun and sell them when I have too many lying around; I'm not a business.
submitted by ivraatiems to appleswap [link] [comments]
This 2009 Macbook is a little rough around the edges visually, but at its core, it's a great and fully functional machine. It has macOS Ventura installed on it via Open Core Launcher at the moment, but I can install any version of macOS or Linux you prefer. It works great, but Ventura is a little slow on its specs. Usable, but sometimes laggy. I upgraded the RAM to its maximum official capacity (4GB) and it has a brand new battery. The OS is not connected to iCloud; I will include login passwords when I ship the machine. Original charger working and included.
Specs: Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo P7450 @ 2.13ghz
RAM: 4GB 800mhz DDR2
Storage: 120GB SSD (brand new)
Graphics: Nvidia GeForce 9400M
Repairs: Refurbished by me. SSD installed by prior user. RAM upgraded by me. Battery installed by me. No other repair history I know of. Cosmetic defects as pictured.
Price: $80 OBO + shipping. I will ship via whatever you prefer of UPS, FedEx, or USPS, or local pickup is available in southern Arizona, message me for details.
Note: This is a used machine running an unofficial (Apple unsupported) configuration. If you have any issues, I'll try to help you as best I can, but I don't offer warranties and I don't accept returns. I restore these for fun and sell them when I have too many lying around; I'm not a business.
2023.05.26 22:25 JoshAsdvgi Sacheen Littlefeather (( Marie Louise Cruz ))
 | submitted by JoshAsdvgi to Native_Stories [link] [comments] Sacheen Littlefeather (( Marie Louise Cruz )) Marie Louise Cruz (born November 14, 1946), known as Sacheen Littlefeather, is an Apache actress and activist for Native American rights. On March 27, 1973, she represented Marlon Brando at the 45th Academy Awards to decline the Best Actor award for his performance in The Godfather. The favorite to win, Brando boycotted the ceremony in protest of Hollywood's portrayal of Native Americans and to draw attention to the standoff at Wounded Knee. During her speech, the audience was divided between jeers and applause. Half-Native American (both White Mountain Apache and Yaqui) and half-white, Littlefeather had sought to become an actress. She was involved in the 1969 occupation of Alcatraz and learned about her heritage. After the Academy Award speech, she worked in hospice care, continued activism for a number of health-related and Native American issues, and produced films about Native Americans. Early life and career Sacheen Cruz Littlefeather was born Marie Louise Cruz on November 14, 1946, in Salinas, California. Her mother was a leather stamper from Phoenix, Arizona, of French, German, and Dutch descent. Her father was a child of an alcoholic father who beat him and he grew up in foster homes, among relatives, poor, and suffered from a tumor on his hearing nerves resulting from loud head noises. He later met her mother as a saddle Maker in Arizona. Her father died of cancer at 44 years of age in 1966 and is buried at our Lady of Guadalupe Church in Salinas. A tombstone was erected in his honor by his wife's request and placed by their youngest daughter. The Church is now a historical monument by the Monterey Historical Society. Her mother and two sisters were subject to their father’s rage & beatings. Her father was born in the desert and is from the White Mountain Apache and Yaqui tribes. The couple moved to California while her mother was pregnant. They opened up their own business. "Cruz Saddlery" and her parents are also remembered in Salinas Valley. She was primarily raised by her maternal grandparents, Marie and Barney, and was Catholic as a child. Sometimes she lived with her mother; she recalls a trip through Mississippi when she was told to use the "black" water fountains and a sign that read, "No Dogs or Indians Allowed". While she attended California State College at Hayward (now California State University, East Bay), she continued to look into her Native American identity. In Oakland, she worked with the Intertribal Friendship House. In 1969, she became a member of Indians of All Tribes and participated in the occupation of Alcatraz, when she adopted the name Sacheen Littlefeather. She learned more about Native American customs from elders and other protesters. On a full scholarship to the American Conservatory Theater, she began acting education. Aspiring to become an actress, Littlefeather picked up several radio and television commercial credits and joined the Screen Actors Guild. In 1970, she was named Miss Vampire USA, a promotion for Dark Shadows. Playboy magazine planned a spread called "10 Little Indians" in 1972, and one of the models was Littlefeather, but Playboy editors cancelled its publication due to the Wounded Knee incident. A year later in October 1973, after her Academy Award appearance fame, they ran the photographs of Littlefeather as a stand-alone feature. Littlefeather was personally criticized for what was seen as exploitation of her fame. Looking back at the photo shoot, Littlefeather later said, "I was young and dumb. Academy Awards speech, 1973 Littlefeather got in contact with actor Marlon Brando through her neighbor, director Francis Ford Coppola. She wrote Brando a letter, asking about his interest in Native American issues, and he called the radio station where she worked a year later Brando had worked as an activist with the American Indian Movement (AIM) since the 1960s and into the 1970s. In Washington, D.C., where Littlefeather was presenting to the Federal Communications Commission about minorities, they met and found in common their involvement with AIM. In 1972, Brando played Vito Corleone in The Godfather, which is considered one of the greatest films of all time. For the performance, he was nominated for Best Actor for the role at the 45th Academy Awards, which were presented on March 27, 1973, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. But before the ceremony, Brando decided that – as the favorite to win – he would boycott as a protest led by AIM against the ongoing siege at Wounded Knee and his views on how Native Americans were represented in American films. He called Littlefeather and asked her to appear on his behalf. "I was a spokesperson, so to speak, for the stereotype of Native Americans in film and television," she later said. At the ceremony Littlefeather joined the audience minutes before the award for Best Actor was announced. She was accompanied by Brando's secretary, Alice Marchak, and wore an Apache buckskin dress. Producer Howard W. Koch, she would later say, told her that she had 60 seconds to deliver the speech or else be removed from the stage; she had planned to read a 4-page speech written by Brando. The Best Actor award was presented by actors Liv Ullmann and Roger Moore. After giving brief remarks and announcing the five nominees, they declared Brando to be the winner. Littlefeather walked on stage and raised her hand to decline the Oscar trophy that Moore offered her. Deviating from the prepared speech she clutched, she said the following: Hello. My name is Sacheen Littlefeather. I'm Apache and I am president of the National Native American Affirmative Image Committee. I'm representing Marlon Brando this evening, and he has asked me to tell you in a very long speech which I cannot share with you presently, because of time, but I will be glad to share with the press afterwards, that he very regretfully cannot accept this very generous award. And the reasons for this being are the treatment of American Indians today by the film industry – excuse me [boos and cheers] – and on television in movie re-runs, and also with recent happenings at Wounded Knee. I beg at this time that I have not intruded upon this evening, and that we will in the future, our hearts and our understandings will meet with love and generosity. Thank you on behalf of Marlon Brando. [applause] Moore escorted Littlefeather off-stage, past several people critical of her, and to the press. At the press conference, Littlefeather read to journalists the speech that Brando had prepared; The New York Times published the full text the next day. That Unfinished Oscar Speech By MARLON BRANDO For 200 years we have said to the Indian people who are fighting for their land, their life, their families and their right to be free: ''Lay down your arms, my friends, and then we will remain together. Only if you lay down your arms, my friends, can we then talk of peace and come to an agreement which will be good for you.'' When they laid down their arms, we murdered them. We lied to them. We cheated them out of their lands. We starved them into signing fraudulent agreements that we called treaties which we never kept. We turned them into beggars on a continent that gave life for as long as life can remember. And by any interpretation of history, however twisted, we did not do right. We were not lawful nor were we just in what we did. For them, we do not have to restore these people, we do not have to live up to some agreements, because it is given to us by virtue of our power to attack the rights of others, to take their property, to take their lives when they are trying to defend their land and liberty, and to make their virtues a crime and our own vices virtues. But there is one thing which is beyond the reach of this perversity and that is the tremendous verdict of history. And history will surely judge us. But do we care? What kind of moral schizophrenia is it that allows us to shout at the top of our national voice for all the world to hear that we live up to our commitment when every page of history and when all the thirsty, starving, humiliating days and nights of the last 100 years in the lives of the American Indian contradict that voice? It would seem that the respect for principle and the love of one's neighbor have become dysfunctional in this country of ours, and that all we have done, all that we have succeeded in accomplishing with our power is simply annihilating the hopes of the newborn countries in this world, as well as friends and enemies alike, that we're not humane, and that we do not live up to our agreements. Perhaps at this moment you are saying to yourself what the hell has all this got to do with the Academy Awards? Why is this woman standing up here, ruining our evening, invading our lives with things that don't concern us, and that we don't care about? Wasting our time and money and intruding in our homes. I think the answer to those unspoken questions is that the motion picture community has been as responsible as any for degrading the Indian and making a mockery of his character, describing his as savage, hostile and evil. It's hard enough for children to grow up in this world. When Indian children watch television, and they watch films, and when they see their race depicted as they are in films, their minds become injured in ways we can never know. Recently there have been a few faltering steps to correct this situation, but too faltering and too few, so I, as a member in this profession, do not feel that I can as a citizen of the United States accept an award here tonight. I think awards in this country at this time are inappropriate to be received or given until the condition of the American Indian is drastically altered. If we are not our brother's keeper, at least let us not be his executioner. I would have been here tonight to speak to you directly, but I felt that perhaps I could be of better use if I went to Wounded Knee to help forestall in whatever way I can the establishment of a peace which would be dishonorable as long as the rivers shall run and the grass shall grow. I would hope that those who are listening would not look upon this as a rude intrusion, but as an earnest effort to focus attention on an issue that might very well determine whether or not this country has the right to say from this point forward we believe in the inalienable rights of all people to remain free and independent on lands that have supported their life beyond living memory. Thank you for your kindness and your courtesy to Miss Littlefeather. Thank you and good night. This statement was written by Marlon Brando for delivery at the Academy Awards ceremony where Mr. Brando refused an Oscar. The speaker, who read only a part of it, was Shasheen Littlefeather. Later that night, before she announced the Best Actress winner, Raquel Welch said, "I hope the winner doesn't have a cause." When Clint Eastwood presented the Best Picture award, he remarked that he was presenting it "on behalf of all the cowboys shot in John Ford westerns over the years." Michael Caine, the night's co-host, criticized Brando for "Letting some poor little Indian girl take the boos" instead of "[standing] up and [doing] it himself". Reception and legacy The audience in the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion was divided between applause and jeers. Brando and Littlefeather's protest was generally considered inappropriate for the awards ceremony. "I was distressed that people should have booed and whistled and stomped, even though perhaps it was directed at myself," Brando later told Dick Cavett. "They should have at least had the courtesy to listen to her." Her appearance prompted the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to rule out future proxy acceptance of Academy Awards. Littlefeather claims that she was blacklisted by the Hollywood community and received threats. In addition, she says, media reports published several falsehoods, such as that she was not Native American or had rented the outfit for the occasion. She has said that the federal government encouraged the blacklisting in order to abate Native American activism after Wounded Knee. The speech was credited with bringing attention back to the Wounded Knee standoff, on which a media blackout had been imposed. Coretta Scott King called Littlefeather to thank her for the speech. In 2014, the 87th ceremony of the Academy Awards drew criticism for lack of diversity in nominations; actress Jada Pinkett Smith, who boycotted the ceremony, cited Littlefeather as inspiration to do so. After giving the speech, Littlefeather spent two days in Los Angeles before returning to San Francisco. When she visited Marlon Brando's house after the Academy Awards, while they were talking, bullets were fired into his front door. At age 29 her lungs collapsed, and after recovering, she received a degree in health and a minor in Native American medicine, a practice she had used to recover. Studying nutrition, she lived in Stockholm for some time and then traveled Europe, interested in the food of other cultures. Later, she taught at St. Mary's Hospital in Tucson, Arizona, and worked with the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe. In 1979, she co-founded the National American Indian Performing Arts Registry, which later helped several actors join the production of Dances with Wolves. She shared an Emmy Award as an advisor to PBS's Dance in America: Song for Dead Warriors (1984). She also worked on the PBS shows Remember Me Forever and The Americas Before Columbus (both 1992), and she has produced films on Native American health. In 2009, she gave testimony in the documentary Reel Injun about Native Americans in film. She continued doing activism and became a respected member of California's Native American community. In the 1980s, she led prayer circles for Kateri Tekakwitha, the first Native American Catholic saint. In 1988, she worked with Mother Teresa helping AIDS patients in hospice care, later founding the American Indian AIDS Institute of San Francisco. She campaigned against obesity, alcoholism, and diabetes, and specifically assisted Native Americans with AIDS, including her brother. In 2015, Littlefeather reported that unauthorized persons were using her name and image to raise money for what was ostensibly a fundraiser for the Lakota nation. However, the money was never donated to any campaign. In March 2018, a spokesperson announced that Littlefeather had developed stage 4 breast cancer. As of April 2018, Littlefeather resides in Northern California. Movies 1973 Counselor at Crime Played > Maggie Cameo 1973 The Laughing Policeman>Minor Role 1974 Freebie and the Bean> Minor Role 1974 The Trial of Billy Jack>played Patsy Littlejohn 1975 Johnny Firecloud>played Nenya 1975 Winterhawk>played Pale Flower 1978 Shoot the Sun Down>played Navajo Woman 2009 Reel Injun Herself Documentary 2018 Sacheen Herself Short documentary |
2023.05.26 18:00 LabB0T Weekly r/homelabsales Summary - 2023-05-26
The last weeks [For Sale] posts in homelabsales
Posts that have not met the rules of HLS or have completed are not shown.
Bot Feedback? - Checkout the pinned post in my profile
CANADA
ON
QC
IL
MN
MO
SD
TX
TX-ATX
WI
FL
KY
LI-NY
MD
NH
PA
TN
VA
NV
UT
WA
submitted by LabB0T to homelab [link] [comments]
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Bot Feedback? - Checkout the pinned post in my profile
CAN-ANY-
CANADA
ON
QC
EUNL
UK-ANY-
- USW-enterprise-48-poe
- UK - Seagate Exos 8TB SATA (x6)
- NETGEAR Prosafe Plus JGS524E 24 port Gigabit Managed Switch
US-C-ANY-
- Custom Server - Intel Xeon W-1270, Gigabyte W480M, 32GB ECC, RX 6750XT, Define R5
- - Desktop, Laptop, Synology, UBNT Unifi USG (and USG Pro), and EdgeRouter, Netgear Switch
- Dell R540 (16c, 128gb, no drives/caddies)
- Ubiquiti USW-Pro-24-PoE
- 2X Dell Force10 S4810-AC and 2X Dell PowerConnect 5424
IL
- 4x 16GB 2400mhz ECC RAM Modules
- Unifi UAP-AC-PRO 3x and USG and Cloud Key Gen1
- Synology DS3018xs
- HP ProLiant DL360p Gen8 $350
- Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 4GB w/ POE Hat, Mikrotik LtAP LTE6 Rugged Router Kit, Netgear LM1200
- Homelab cleanout - switches, servers, (old) HDDs, etc
- NVMe M.2 SSD (Samsung or XPG) and MSI PCIe Expansion Card
MN
MO
- Various Dell Server Hardware & Misc PC parts
- HBAs & GTX 1050 Ti
- Used Unifi USG Pro w/ Noctua Fans, New in Box Zigbee Devices & Yubikeys
SD
TX
- Tripp Lite Rackmount Cooling Unit 7000BTU, 8U, 120V - Local Only (77471)
- 1 x U6 Mesh & 4 x Enterprise 8 PoE USW-Enterprise-8-PoE (120W)
- Dell PowerConnect 8024 10Gb - CyberPower OR1500LCDRTXL2U
- Brocade ICX 6610-24P, Dell R720 w/ Rails, 960GB WD SN600
- Fast & Quiet PFsense/OPNsense $175
- Homelab Clear Out - AMD Epyc CPU/Mobo/Cooler Combo, x470d4u, and more!
- USG-Pro-4, UCK-Gen2-Plus, UISP-LTE, RAID Cards, Razer Core X
TX-ATX
- Mac Pro tower 2009, dual Xeon, 64g ram
- 4u JBOD case, LSI 8211, SAS expander card, just add drives. $400
WI
- (LOCAL PICKUP) Custom built 4U server
- Unifi USW Pro 48 Port Switch
- Custom 8 Bay NAS
- HP T730 Thin client
US-E-ANY-
- Terra-Master NAS, Samsung LCDs, Microsoft Surface Pro 5, Thunderbolt 3 Docks, Ubiquiti Switches, Logitech G213 Gaming Keyboard, other misc stuff
- HPE Proliant DL380 Gen9
- Lenovo Tiny M920q and HP Mini Desktop Prodesk 400 G5
- 4x quadro 2000, 1x quadro k2200, 1x quadro m4000, 4x quadro k42000
FL
- Dell PowerEdge R210 ii
- 32GB Sandisk Ultra Class 10 Micro SD Card
- G3 instant, UAP-AC-IW
- Optiplex's, NAS's, and thunderbolt 3 docks
- A few new Western Digital enterprise drives
KY
LI-NY
MD
- [Bethesda] Homelab spring cleaning (Local Pickup Only)
- Intel 2U 112-Thread 2x Xeon R2208WFTZS Wolf Pass Servers [$1600]
NH
- HP DL 380 GEN 9 G9 Servers- 256GB DDR4 ECC REG, DUAL XEON! WILL SHIP!
- On SALE 1 Dented DDR4 SERVER + 1 Cisco C220 M4 with no problems !
- Matched Pairs of Xeon 2683 V4, 2680 V4, 2690 V3 Great BUDGET LGA2011-3 Xeons!
- High Spec HP DL360 G9 W/ ERROR MESSAGE! Cheap! Dual 3.2Ghz BASE V4 CPUS! HPE Smart Memory!
- GREAT RAM FOR DELL R720, R620! Under 44Cents/GB! Hynix 32GB DDR3 ECC Registered 1600Mhz PC3L-12800L LR DIMM Memory RAM Modules -- FREE SHIPPING!
- HP/ Samsung PM1725A 1.6TB PCi-E NVME SDDs Genuine HP Part!
- Cisco C3164Q-40GE 64 Port 40GB/s QSFP+ Network Switches---200$ each!!!--
- Desktop Ram for sale
- Mikrotik RB3011
- Raspberry Pi 3 B
- Ram for sale
- 8TB SAS HDDs, DDR3 Server RAM
- Synology DS1817+, 10Gb NIC.
- HP ZBook 17 G6
- R740 16bay 3x5120 128G H330HBA
- Intel DQ77KB ITX motherboard, Intel i5-3570K CPU, Kingston SUV500MS 480GB SSD, 8GB Kingston KVR16S11 RAM, Goodisory A01 mini ITX HTPC case - $200
- ASRock Intel Arc A380 for 5700XT, 2070 etc
- Phantom Gaming X399, ThreadRipper 2950x, 3x i5-6500T, 12U rack
PA
- SuperMicro X11SCA-F IPMI Motherboard, Xeon E-2186G, i3-9100E, 64 GB DDR4-2666 ECC Memory, Corsair Water Cooler -- PRICE REDUCED US-E
- Juniper EX3200-24T 24-Port Gigabit (8-Ports PoE) Switch w/ Rails
- 4x 32GB Corsair DDR4 Noctua NH-U9S ASUS Prime Z590-A GTX 1660 Ti
- SuperMicro X11SCA-F IPMI Motherboard, Xeon E-2186G, i3-9100E, 64 GB DDR4-2666 ECC Memory, Corsair Water Cooler -- PRICE REDUCED
- APC SMX120RMBP2U External Battery Pack
- APC metered PDU, Leviton 48 port patch panel
- Upgraded Synology RS3617xs w/ RX1217, 8x 6TB WD RED, Quad NVMe m.2 to PCIe x16 bifurcation card
TN
VA
- PCIe riser kit, PCIe slot/place, Apple power extension cord
- DDR3 ECC Memory 16GB 8GB 4GB Modules (Samsung, Micron, SK Hynix, and More!)
- Intel CPU
- Verticual GPU/PCIe riser + mounting kit, various Apple things, eufy security camera, and bunch of free stuff
- Dell Precision T5610 2x E5-2690, 64GB RAM
US-W-ANY-
- Apple Mac Mini Late 2018
- Seattle Area - Conbee II Zigbee USB gateway - $15
- Supermicro SuperServer 5018R-M. E5-2650v3, 64GB RAM
- Synology DS1815+, 4x 10TB HDDs, and Ubiquiti Unifi AC Lite
- Dell Optiplex 3080 Micro / NUC8I5BEK1 (AK/HII allowed)
- Unifi US-24-G1 (non-POE) switch
- Raspberry Pi 4 (2GB), HyperPixel 4" Pi Display (Non-touch)
- 3x4TB Ironwolf Pro, 1x4TB Ironwolf, 2x2TB Barracuda, 2x8GB DDR4 2133P SODIMM Memory, 256GB Samsung NVME
- 15U Knock-Down Server Rack Cabinet with Casters - Local Cash
- CLEANOUT!! 4tb HDDs, DDR3/DDR4 ECC and SODIMM 1/2/4/8/16gb sticks, Router, PSUs, 100g cables, HBAs, freebies
- 2 raspberry pi 4’s(2gb)
- StarTech.com 19" 18U Server Rack Cabinet -- RK1833BKM
- USG-PRO-4 // Ubiquiti Security Gateway Pro 4
- RadeonPro WX7100, SSDs, 32GB DDR4 ECC Modules
- Pair - E5 2650 v4
- Intel E5-2630Lv4 CPU
- Dell R710 Dual E5530, 4 x 8gb ram, 6 LFF with 1 300gb SAS
- DDR3 DDR4 RAM / 2011 CPU / SATA DOM
- Ubiquiti UniFi Dream machine
- Dell R330 LFF or SFF. Free Shipping.
NV
UT
WA
- Google Coral USB, Unifi, and smart home gear
- Supermicro 5018D-FN4T 10GbE Front I/O Server, MikroTik 12-Port 10GbE CRS312-4C+8XG-RM Switch, 2x Intel X550-T1 NICs
- 2x Dell R330 8Bay SFF
- Samsung 30.72TB SSD (x3)
2023.05.26 00:55 erxor_reddit Can someone please help with my latencymon report please? Never used it before and not sure what I'm looking at here..
Symptoms:
Stuttehitching mostly in games. Very sporadic. Sometimes it isn't very noticeable, but other times it gets really bad.
Specs:
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CONCLUSION
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Your system appears to be having trouble handling real-time audio and other tasks. You are likely to experience buffer underruns appearing as drop outs, clicks or pops. One or more DPC routines that belong to a driver running in your system appear to be executing for too long. One problem may be related to power management, disable CPU throttling settings in Control Panel and BIOS setup. Check for BIOS updates.
LatencyMon has been analyzing your system for 3:37:32 (h:mm:ss) on all processors.
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SYSTEM INFORMATION
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Computer name: SHAM
OS version: Windows 11, 10.0, version 2009, build: 22621 (x64)
Hardware: System Product Name, ASUS
BIOS: 0812
CPU: GenuineIntel 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K
Logical processors: 32
Processor groups: 1
Processor group size: 32
RAM: 65276 MB total
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CPU SPEED
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Reported CPU speed (WMI): 30 MHz
Reported CPU speed (registry): 2995 MHz
Note: reported execution times may be calculated based on a fixed reported CPU speed. Disable variable speed settings like Intel Speed Step and AMD Cool N Quiet in the BIOS setup for more accurate results.
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MEASURED INTERRUPT TO USER PROCESS LATENCIES
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The interrupt to process latency reflects the measured interval that a usermode process needed to respond to a hardware request from the moment the interrupt service routine started execution. This includes the scheduling and execution of a DPC routine, the signaling of an event and the waking up of a usermode thread from an idle wait state in response to that event.
Highest measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 15448.50
Average measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 9.108853
Highest measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 8926.60
Average measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 3.804605
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REPORTED ISRs
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Interrupt service routines are routines installed by the OS and device drivers that execute in response to a hardware interrupt signal.
Highest ISR routine execution time (µs): 364.037396
Driver with highest ISR routine execution time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation
Highest reported total ISR routine time (%): 0.042906
Driver with highest ISR total time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation
Total time spent in ISRs (%) 0.043012
ISR count (execution time <250 µs): 10284253
ISR count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 500-1000 µs): 14
ISR count (execution time 1000-2000 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 2000-4000 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time >=4000 µs): 0
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REPORTED DPCs
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DPC routines are part of the interrupt servicing dispatch mechanism and disable the possibility for a process to utilize the CPU while it is interrupted until the DPC has finished execution.
Highest DPC routine execution time (µs): 6371.092487
Driver with highest DPC routine execution time: ACPI.sys - ACPI Driver for NT, Microsoft Corporation
Highest reported total DPC routine time (%): 0.021439
Driver with highest DPC total execution time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation
Total time spent in DPCs (%) 0.050634
DPC count (execution time <250 µs): 27803701
DPC count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time 500-10000 µs): 133
DPC count (execution time 1000-2000 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time 2000-4000 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time >=4000 µs): 1
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED HARD PAGEFAULTS
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hard pagefaults are events that get triggered by making use of virtual memory that is not resident in RAM but backed by a memory mapped file on disk. The process of resolving the hard pagefault requires reading in the memory from disk while the process is interrupted and blocked from execution.
NOTE: some processes were hit by hard pagefaults. If these were programs producing audio, they are likely to interrupt the audio stream resulting in dropouts, clicks and pops. Check the Processes tab to see which programs were hit.
Process with highest pagefault count: system
Total number of hard pagefaults 29894
Hard pagefault count of hardest hit process: 24323
Number of processes hit: 47
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PER CPU DATA
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 0 Interrupt cycle time (s): 379.520274
CPU 0 ISR highest execution time (µs): 341.496494
CPU 0 ISR total execution time (s): 80.510275
CPU 0 ISR count: 4593365
CPU 0 DPC highest execution time (µs): 947.959933
CPU 0 DPC total execution time (s): 88.172165
CPU 0 DPC count: 11829713
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 1 Interrupt cycle time (s): 69.858569
CPU 1 ISR highest execution time (µs): 116.140902
CPU 1 ISR total execution time (s): 0.035956
CPU 1 ISR count: 34103
CPU 1 DPC highest execution time (µs): 150.348581
CPU 1 DPC total execution time (s): 0.496210
CPU 1 DPC count: 49977
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 2 Interrupt cycle time (s): 89.281548
CPU 2 ISR highest execution time (µs): 145.779633
CPU 2 ISR total execution time (s): 0.122969
CPU 2 ISR count: 106748
CPU 2 DPC highest execution time (µs): 621.621369
CPU 2 DPC total execution time (s): 1.821035
CPU 2 DPC count: 179013
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 3 Interrupt cycle time (s): 98.922335
CPU 3 ISR highest execution time (µs): 221.427713
CPU 3 ISR total execution time (s): 12.183739
CPU 3 ISR count: 675782
CPU 3 DPC highest execution time (µs): 418.203673
CPU 3 DPC total execution time (s): 13.161796
CPU 3 DPC count: 1695871
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 4 Interrupt cycle time (s): 187.886864
CPU 4 ISR highest execution time (µs): 364.037396
CPU 4 ISR total execution time (s): 29.532215
CPU 4 ISR count: 1664459
CPU 4 DPC highest execution time (µs): 933.581302
CPU 4 DPC total execution time (s): 32.292890
CPU 4 DPC count: 4182516
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 5 Interrupt cycle time (s): 58.152097
CPU 5 ISR highest execution time (µs): 137.582638
CPU 5 ISR total execution time (s): 0.028517
CPU 5 ISR count: 24485
CPU 5 DPC highest execution time (µs): 163.208013
CPU 5 DPC total execution time (s): 0.367168
CPU 5 DPC count: 39674
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 6 Interrupt cycle time (s): 82.567565
CPU 6 ISR highest execution time (µs): 135.246077
CPU 6 ISR total execution time (s): 0.058771
CPU 6 ISR count: 47236
CPU 6 DPC highest execution time (µs): 787.240735
CPU 6 DPC total execution time (s): 0.961413
CPU 6 DPC count: 105884
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 7 Interrupt cycle time (s): 86.600152
CPU 7 ISR highest execution time (µs): 316.337896
CPU 7 ISR total execution time (s): 7.689454
CPU 7 ISR count: 423379
CPU 7 DPC highest execution time (µs): 321.912521
CPU 7 DPC total execution time (s): 8.077689
CPU 7 DPC count: 1108086
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 8 Interrupt cycle time (s): 301.268151
CPU 8 ISR highest execution time (µs): 352.675793
CPU 8 ISR total execution time (s): 41.692749
CPU 8 ISR count: 2105216
CPU 8 DPC highest execution time (µs): 6371.092487
CPU 8 DPC total execution time (s): 46.791904
CPU 8 DPC count: 6350024
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 9 Interrupt cycle time (s): 113.998870
CPU 9 ISR highest execution time (µs): 142.480801
CPU 9 ISR total execution time (s): 0.064834
CPU 9 ISR count: 62679
CPU 9 DPC highest execution time (µs): 206.534224
CPU 9 DPC total execution time (s): 1.989944
CPU 9 DPC count: 231749
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 10 Interrupt cycle time (s): 178.380746
CPU 10 ISR highest execution time (µs): 138.162938
CPU 10 ISR total execution time (s): 0.122038
CPU 10 ISR count: 113256
CPU 10 DPC highest execution time (µs): 946.956928
CPU 10 DPC total execution time (s): 5.763433
CPU 10 DPC count: 495185
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 11 Interrupt cycle time (s): 119.572216
CPU 11 ISR highest execution time (µs): 209.557930
CPU 11 ISR total execution time (s): 0.915084
CPU 11 ISR count: 43535
CPU 11 DPC highest execution time (µs): 935.260768
CPU 11 DPC total execution time (s): 2.473699
CPU 11 DPC count: 312492
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 12 Interrupt cycle time (s): 113.523350
CPU 12 ISR highest execution time (µs): 167.268781
CPU 12 ISR total execution time (s): 6.672521
CPU 12 ISR count: 381374
CPU 12 DPC highest execution time (µs): 418.247746
CPU 12 DPC total execution time (s): 7.729711
CPU 12 DPC count: 1000763
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 13 Interrupt cycle time (s): 60.356060
CPU 13 ISR highest execution time (µs): 2.391319
CPU 13 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000261
CPU 13 ISR count: 163
CPU 13 DPC highest execution time (µs): 174.155593
CPU 13 DPC total execution time (s): 0.159538
CPU 13 DPC count: 55914
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 14 Interrupt cycle time (s): 85.249621
CPU 14 ISR highest execution time (µs): 17.772287
CPU 14 ISR total execution time (s): 0.009264
CPU 14 ISR count: 7693
CPU 14 DPC highest execution time (µs): 901.383639
CPU 14 DPC total execution time (s): 0.605784
CPU 14 DPC count: 66668
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 15 Interrupt cycle time (s): 60.219903
CPU 15 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 15 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 15 ISR count: 0
CPU 15 DPC highest execution time (µs): 345.114524
CPU 15 DPC total execution time (s): 0.107180
CPU 15 DPC count: 10618
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 16 Interrupt cycle time (s): 19.323269
CPU 16 ISR highest execution time (µs): 149.222705
CPU 16 ISR total execution time (s): 0.003871
CPU 16 ISR count: 128
CPU 16 DPC highest execution time (µs): 786.073456
CPU 16 DPC total execution time (s): 0.052194
CPU 16 DPC count: 10508
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 17 Interrupt cycle time (s): 11.707487
CPU 17 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3.768280
CPU 17 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000388
CPU 17 ISR count: 303
CPU 17 DPC highest execution time (µs): 138.222371
CPU 17 DPC total execution time (s): 0.040147
CPU 17 DPC count: 8789
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 18 Interrupt cycle time (s): 9.577741
CPU 18 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3.010351
CPU 18 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000098
CPU 18 ISR count: 75
CPU 18 DPC highest execution time (µs): 88.624374
CPU 18 DPC total execution time (s): 0.020476
CPU 18 DPC count: 4159
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 19 Interrupt cycle time (s): 16.530920
CPU 19 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 19 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 19 ISR count: 0
CPU 19 DPC highest execution time (µs): 130.623038
CPU 19 DPC total execution time (s): 0.016688
CPU 19 DPC count: 2786
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 20 Interrupt cycle time (s): 15.324065
CPU 20 ISR highest execution time (µs): 57.265442
CPU 20 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000868
CPU 20 ISR count: 29
CPU 20 DPC highest execution time (µs): 139.312187
CPU 20 DPC total execution time (s): 0.054397
CPU 20 DPC count: 10063
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 21 Interrupt cycle time (s): 12.142960
CPU 21 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3.470451
CPU 21 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000111
CPU 21 ISR count: 90
CPU 21 DPC highest execution time (µs): 137.398331
CPU 21 DPC total execution time (s): 0.025177
CPU 21 DPC count: 5474
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 22 Interrupt cycle time (s): 10.423176
CPU 22 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 22 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 22 ISR count: 0
CPU 22 DPC highest execution time (µs): 80.116861
CPU 22 DPC total execution time (s): 0.008864
CPU 22 DPC count: 1392
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 23 Interrupt cycle time (s): 7.766411
CPU 23 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 23 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 23 ISR count: 0
CPU 23 DPC highest execution time (µs): 136.763940
CPU 23 DPC total execution time (s): 0.010395
CPU 23 DPC count: 1567
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 24 Interrupt cycle time (s): 13.521396
CPU 24 ISR highest execution time (µs): 41.155927
CPU 24 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000748
CPU 24 ISR count: 28
CPU 24 DPC highest execution time (µs): 419.366945
CPU 24 DPC total execution time (s): 0.051892
CPU 24 DPC count: 8091
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 25 Interrupt cycle time (s): 10.023450
CPU 25 ISR highest execution time (µs): 4.329883
CPU 25 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000029
CPU 25 ISR count: 20
CPU 25 DPC highest execution time (µs): 209.153923
CPU 25 DPC total execution time (s): 0.041128
CPU 25 DPC count: 9662
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 26 Interrupt cycle time (s): 8.474586
CPU 26 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 26 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 26 ISR count: 0
CPU 26 DPC highest execution time (µs): 171.888481
CPU 26 DPC total execution time (s): 0.012858
CPU 26 DPC count: 2213
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 27 Interrupt cycle time (s): 7.191030
CPU 27 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 27 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 27 ISR count: 0
CPU 27 DPC highest execution time (µs): 798.524875
CPU 27 DPC total execution time (s): 0.009215
CPU 27 DPC count: 1268
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 28 Interrupt cycle time (s): 34.456615
CPU 28 ISR highest execution time (µs): 128.538230
CPU 28 ISR total execution time (s): 0.002664
CPU 28 ISR count: 93
CPU 28 DPC highest execution time (µs): 224.508180
CPU 28 DPC total execution time (s): 0.098516
CPU 28 DPC count: 13461
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 29 Interrupt cycle time (s): 11.327133
CPU 29 ISR highest execution time (µs): 2.452087
CPU 29 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000038
CPU 29 ISR count: 28
CPU 29 DPC highest execution time (µs): 119.065776
CPU 29 DPC total execution time (s): 0.021862
CPU 29 DPC count: 4060
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 30 Interrupt cycle time (s): 9.206785
CPU 30 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 30 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 30 ISR count: 0
CPU 30 DPC highest execution time (µs): 169.880467
CPU 30 DPC total execution time (s): 0.019238
CPU 30 DPC count: 2641
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 31 Interrupt cycle time (s): 7.829424
CPU 31 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 31 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 31 ISR count: 0
CPU 31 DPC highest execution time (µs): 92.715192
CPU 31 DPC total execution time (s): 0.026473
CPU 31 DPC count: 3554
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
submitted by erxor_reddit to techsupport [link] [comments]
Stuttehitching mostly in games. Very sporadic. Sometimes it isn't very noticeable, but other times it gets really bad.
Specs:
- Intel Core i9 13900K
- RTX 4080 ROG Strix OC 16GB
- Corsair 64GB DDR5 Dominator Platinum C36 5600MT/s
- NZXT Kraken Z63 RGB 280mm AIO
- Thermaltake 1000W Gold PSU
- ASUS ROG Strix B760-F Motherboard
- Samsung 980 Pro 2TB SSD
- Seagate BarraCuda 8TB HDD
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your system appears to be having trouble handling real-time audio and other tasks. You are likely to experience buffer underruns appearing as drop outs, clicks or pops. One or more DPC routines that belong to a driver running in your system appear to be executing for too long. One problem may be related to power management, disable CPU throttling settings in Control Panel and BIOS setup. Check for BIOS updates.
LatencyMon has been analyzing your system for 3:37:32 (h:mm:ss) on all processors.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SYSTEM INFORMATION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Computer name: SHAM
OS version: Windows 11, 10.0, version 2009, build: 22621 (x64)
Hardware: System Product Name, ASUS
BIOS: 0812
CPU: GenuineIntel 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K
Logical processors: 32
Processor groups: 1
Processor group size: 32
RAM: 65276 MB total
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU SPEED
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reported CPU speed (WMI): 30 MHz
Reported CPU speed (registry): 2995 MHz
Note: reported execution times may be calculated based on a fixed reported CPU speed. Disable variable speed settings like Intel Speed Step and AMD Cool N Quiet in the BIOS setup for more accurate results.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MEASURED INTERRUPT TO USER PROCESS LATENCIES
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The interrupt to process latency reflects the measured interval that a usermode process needed to respond to a hardware request from the moment the interrupt service routine started execution. This includes the scheduling and execution of a DPC routine, the signaling of an event and the waking up of a usermode thread from an idle wait state in response to that event.
Highest measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 15448.50
Average measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 9.108853
Highest measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 8926.60
Average measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 3.804605
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED ISRs
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interrupt service routines are routines installed by the OS and device drivers that execute in response to a hardware interrupt signal.
Highest ISR routine execution time (µs): 364.037396
Driver with highest ISR routine execution time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation
Highest reported total ISR routine time (%): 0.042906
Driver with highest ISR total time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation
Total time spent in ISRs (%) 0.043012
ISR count (execution time <250 µs): 10284253
ISR count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 500-1000 µs): 14
ISR count (execution time 1000-2000 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 2000-4000 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time >=4000 µs): 0
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED DPCs
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DPC routines are part of the interrupt servicing dispatch mechanism and disable the possibility for a process to utilize the CPU while it is interrupted until the DPC has finished execution.
Highest DPC routine execution time (µs): 6371.092487
Driver with highest DPC routine execution time: ACPI.sys - ACPI Driver for NT, Microsoft Corporation
Highest reported total DPC routine time (%): 0.021439
Driver with highest DPC total execution time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation
Total time spent in DPCs (%) 0.050634
DPC count (execution time <250 µs): 27803701
DPC count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time 500-10000 µs): 133
DPC count (execution time 1000-2000 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time 2000-4000 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time >=4000 µs): 1
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED HARD PAGEFAULTS
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hard pagefaults are events that get triggered by making use of virtual memory that is not resident in RAM but backed by a memory mapped file on disk. The process of resolving the hard pagefault requires reading in the memory from disk while the process is interrupted and blocked from execution.
NOTE: some processes were hit by hard pagefaults. If these were programs producing audio, they are likely to interrupt the audio stream resulting in dropouts, clicks and pops. Check the Processes tab to see which programs were hit.
Process with highest pagefault count: system
Total number of hard pagefaults 29894
Hard pagefault count of hardest hit process: 24323
Number of processes hit: 47
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PER CPU DATA
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 0 Interrupt cycle time (s): 379.520274
CPU 0 ISR highest execution time (µs): 341.496494
CPU 0 ISR total execution time (s): 80.510275
CPU 0 ISR count: 4593365
CPU 0 DPC highest execution time (µs): 947.959933
CPU 0 DPC total execution time (s): 88.172165
CPU 0 DPC count: 11829713
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 1 Interrupt cycle time (s): 69.858569
CPU 1 ISR highest execution time (µs): 116.140902
CPU 1 ISR total execution time (s): 0.035956
CPU 1 ISR count: 34103
CPU 1 DPC highest execution time (µs): 150.348581
CPU 1 DPC total execution time (s): 0.496210
CPU 1 DPC count: 49977
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 2 Interrupt cycle time (s): 89.281548
CPU 2 ISR highest execution time (µs): 145.779633
CPU 2 ISR total execution time (s): 0.122969
CPU 2 ISR count: 106748
CPU 2 DPC highest execution time (µs): 621.621369
CPU 2 DPC total execution time (s): 1.821035
CPU 2 DPC count: 179013
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 3 Interrupt cycle time (s): 98.922335
CPU 3 ISR highest execution time (µs): 221.427713
CPU 3 ISR total execution time (s): 12.183739
CPU 3 ISR count: 675782
CPU 3 DPC highest execution time (µs): 418.203673
CPU 3 DPC total execution time (s): 13.161796
CPU 3 DPC count: 1695871
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 4 Interrupt cycle time (s): 187.886864
CPU 4 ISR highest execution time (µs): 364.037396
CPU 4 ISR total execution time (s): 29.532215
CPU 4 ISR count: 1664459
CPU 4 DPC highest execution time (µs): 933.581302
CPU 4 DPC total execution time (s): 32.292890
CPU 4 DPC count: 4182516
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 5 Interrupt cycle time (s): 58.152097
CPU 5 ISR highest execution time (µs): 137.582638
CPU 5 ISR total execution time (s): 0.028517
CPU 5 ISR count: 24485
CPU 5 DPC highest execution time (µs): 163.208013
CPU 5 DPC total execution time (s): 0.367168
CPU 5 DPC count: 39674
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 6 Interrupt cycle time (s): 82.567565
CPU 6 ISR highest execution time (µs): 135.246077
CPU 6 ISR total execution time (s): 0.058771
CPU 6 ISR count: 47236
CPU 6 DPC highest execution time (µs): 787.240735
CPU 6 DPC total execution time (s): 0.961413
CPU 6 DPC count: 105884
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 7 Interrupt cycle time (s): 86.600152
CPU 7 ISR highest execution time (µs): 316.337896
CPU 7 ISR total execution time (s): 7.689454
CPU 7 ISR count: 423379
CPU 7 DPC highest execution time (µs): 321.912521
CPU 7 DPC total execution time (s): 8.077689
CPU 7 DPC count: 1108086
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 8 Interrupt cycle time (s): 301.268151
CPU 8 ISR highest execution time (µs): 352.675793
CPU 8 ISR total execution time (s): 41.692749
CPU 8 ISR count: 2105216
CPU 8 DPC highest execution time (µs): 6371.092487
CPU 8 DPC total execution time (s): 46.791904
CPU 8 DPC count: 6350024
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 9 Interrupt cycle time (s): 113.998870
CPU 9 ISR highest execution time (µs): 142.480801
CPU 9 ISR total execution time (s): 0.064834
CPU 9 ISR count: 62679
CPU 9 DPC highest execution time (µs): 206.534224
CPU 9 DPC total execution time (s): 1.989944
CPU 9 DPC count: 231749
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 10 Interrupt cycle time (s): 178.380746
CPU 10 ISR highest execution time (µs): 138.162938
CPU 10 ISR total execution time (s): 0.122038
CPU 10 ISR count: 113256
CPU 10 DPC highest execution time (µs): 946.956928
CPU 10 DPC total execution time (s): 5.763433
CPU 10 DPC count: 495185
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 11 Interrupt cycle time (s): 119.572216
CPU 11 ISR highest execution time (µs): 209.557930
CPU 11 ISR total execution time (s): 0.915084
CPU 11 ISR count: 43535
CPU 11 DPC highest execution time (µs): 935.260768
CPU 11 DPC total execution time (s): 2.473699
CPU 11 DPC count: 312492
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 12 Interrupt cycle time (s): 113.523350
CPU 12 ISR highest execution time (µs): 167.268781
CPU 12 ISR total execution time (s): 6.672521
CPU 12 ISR count: 381374
CPU 12 DPC highest execution time (µs): 418.247746
CPU 12 DPC total execution time (s): 7.729711
CPU 12 DPC count: 1000763
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 13 Interrupt cycle time (s): 60.356060
CPU 13 ISR highest execution time (µs): 2.391319
CPU 13 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000261
CPU 13 ISR count: 163
CPU 13 DPC highest execution time (µs): 174.155593
CPU 13 DPC total execution time (s): 0.159538
CPU 13 DPC count: 55914
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 14 Interrupt cycle time (s): 85.249621
CPU 14 ISR highest execution time (µs): 17.772287
CPU 14 ISR total execution time (s): 0.009264
CPU 14 ISR count: 7693
CPU 14 DPC highest execution time (µs): 901.383639
CPU 14 DPC total execution time (s): 0.605784
CPU 14 DPC count: 66668
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 15 Interrupt cycle time (s): 60.219903
CPU 15 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 15 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 15 ISR count: 0
CPU 15 DPC highest execution time (µs): 345.114524
CPU 15 DPC total execution time (s): 0.107180
CPU 15 DPC count: 10618
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 16 Interrupt cycle time (s): 19.323269
CPU 16 ISR highest execution time (µs): 149.222705
CPU 16 ISR total execution time (s): 0.003871
CPU 16 ISR count: 128
CPU 16 DPC highest execution time (µs): 786.073456
CPU 16 DPC total execution time (s): 0.052194
CPU 16 DPC count: 10508
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 17 Interrupt cycle time (s): 11.707487
CPU 17 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3.768280
CPU 17 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000388
CPU 17 ISR count: 303
CPU 17 DPC highest execution time (µs): 138.222371
CPU 17 DPC total execution time (s): 0.040147
CPU 17 DPC count: 8789
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 18 Interrupt cycle time (s): 9.577741
CPU 18 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3.010351
CPU 18 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000098
CPU 18 ISR count: 75
CPU 18 DPC highest execution time (µs): 88.624374
CPU 18 DPC total execution time (s): 0.020476
CPU 18 DPC count: 4159
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 19 Interrupt cycle time (s): 16.530920
CPU 19 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 19 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 19 ISR count: 0
CPU 19 DPC highest execution time (µs): 130.623038
CPU 19 DPC total execution time (s): 0.016688
CPU 19 DPC count: 2786
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 20 Interrupt cycle time (s): 15.324065
CPU 20 ISR highest execution time (µs): 57.265442
CPU 20 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000868
CPU 20 ISR count: 29
CPU 20 DPC highest execution time (µs): 139.312187
CPU 20 DPC total execution time (s): 0.054397
CPU 20 DPC count: 10063
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 21 Interrupt cycle time (s): 12.142960
CPU 21 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3.470451
CPU 21 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000111
CPU 21 ISR count: 90
CPU 21 DPC highest execution time (µs): 137.398331
CPU 21 DPC total execution time (s): 0.025177
CPU 21 DPC count: 5474
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 22 Interrupt cycle time (s): 10.423176
CPU 22 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 22 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 22 ISR count: 0
CPU 22 DPC highest execution time (µs): 80.116861
CPU 22 DPC total execution time (s): 0.008864
CPU 22 DPC count: 1392
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 23 Interrupt cycle time (s): 7.766411
CPU 23 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 23 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 23 ISR count: 0
CPU 23 DPC highest execution time (µs): 136.763940
CPU 23 DPC total execution time (s): 0.010395
CPU 23 DPC count: 1567
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 24 Interrupt cycle time (s): 13.521396
CPU 24 ISR highest execution time (µs): 41.155927
CPU 24 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000748
CPU 24 ISR count: 28
CPU 24 DPC highest execution time (µs): 419.366945
CPU 24 DPC total execution time (s): 0.051892
CPU 24 DPC count: 8091
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 25 Interrupt cycle time (s): 10.023450
CPU 25 ISR highest execution time (µs): 4.329883
CPU 25 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000029
CPU 25 ISR count: 20
CPU 25 DPC highest execution time (µs): 209.153923
CPU 25 DPC total execution time (s): 0.041128
CPU 25 DPC count: 9662
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 26 Interrupt cycle time (s): 8.474586
CPU 26 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 26 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 26 ISR count: 0
CPU 26 DPC highest execution time (µs): 171.888481
CPU 26 DPC total execution time (s): 0.012858
CPU 26 DPC count: 2213
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CPU 27 Interrupt cycle time (s): 7.191030
CPU 27 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 27 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 27 ISR count: 0
CPU 27 DPC highest execution time (µs): 798.524875
CPU 27 DPC total execution time (s): 0.009215
CPU 27 DPC count: 1268
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CPU 28 Interrupt cycle time (s): 34.456615
CPU 28 ISR highest execution time (µs): 128.538230
CPU 28 ISR total execution time (s): 0.002664
CPU 28 ISR count: 93
CPU 28 DPC highest execution time (µs): 224.508180
CPU 28 DPC total execution time (s): 0.098516
CPU 28 DPC count: 13461
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CPU 29 Interrupt cycle time (s): 11.327133
CPU 29 ISR highest execution time (µs): 2.452087
CPU 29 ISR total execution time (s): 0.000038
CPU 29 ISR count: 28
CPU 29 DPC highest execution time (µs): 119.065776
CPU 29 DPC total execution time (s): 0.021862
CPU 29 DPC count: 4060
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CPU 30 Interrupt cycle time (s): 9.206785
CPU 30 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 30 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 30 ISR count: 0
CPU 30 DPC highest execution time (µs): 169.880467
CPU 30 DPC total execution time (s): 0.019238
CPU 30 DPC count: 2641
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CPU 31 Interrupt cycle time (s): 7.829424
CPU 31 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 31 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 31 ISR count: 0
CPU 31 DPC highest execution time (µs): 92.715192
CPU 31 DPC total execution time (s): 0.026473
CPU 31 DPC count: 3554
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2023.05.25 19:14 Wade_Horse 2002 heritage softail motor
Looking at a ‘02 Heritage softail with 17,000 miles. The bike looks great and is completely stock. My question is what can I expect from the motor as far as reliability? I have heard there are upgrades required. If so what am I looking at cost wise? Thanks in advance.
submitted by Wade_Horse to Harley [link] [comments]